Grant Cameron C, Wall Clare R, Gibbons Megan J, Morton Susan M, Santosham Mathuram, Black Robert E
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Aug;47(8):497-504. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01868.x. Epub 2010 Oct 6.
To consider the contribution of malnutrition to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) disease burden in children <5 years old in New Zealand (NZ).
The contribution of maternal and child malnutrition to ALRI disease burden in early childhood globally was described. A literature review was conducted to describe the nutritional status and ALRI disease burden of NZ children <5 years old.
The four key nutritional risk factors for ALRI disease burden globally are macronutrient undernutrition, low birthweight, zinc deficiency and suboptimal breastfeeding. In addition, maternal nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency are potentially important nutritional determinants of ALRI disease burden. Relative to other developed countries, NZ has a large ALRI disease burden in pre-school-aged children. Pneumonia and bronchiolitis hospitalisation rates are two to four times greater than other developed countries. The ALRI disease burden varies with ethnicity, being highest in Pacific, intermediate in Maori and lowest in European children. Three of the four key nutritional risk factors for global ALRI disease burden--low birthweight, zinc deficiency and suboptimal breastfeeding--are potential contributors to ALRI disease burden in NZ. In addition to these factors, vitamin D deficiency during early childhood and maternal vitamin D deficiency are also potentially important particularly with respect to the larger disease burden in Pacific and Maori children.
The contribution of malnutrition to ALRI disease burden in NZ requires greater clarification. Such clarification is necessary to inform the development of nutritional policy, which seeks to improve early child health.
探讨营养不良对新西兰5岁以下儿童急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）疾病负担的影响。
描述全球范围内母婴营养不良对儿童早期ALRI疾病负担的影响。进行文献综述以描述新西兰5岁以下儿童的营养状况和ALRI疾病负担。
全球范围内ALRI疾病负担的四个关键营养风险因素是宏量营养素营养不良、低出生体重、锌缺乏和母乳喂养不足。此外，母亲的营养状况和维生素D缺乏可能是ALRI疾病负担的重要营养决定因素。与其他发达国家相比，新西兰学龄前儿童的ALRI疾病负担较重。肺炎和细支气管炎的住院率比其他发达国家高两到四倍。ALRI疾病负担因种族而异，在太平洋岛民中最高，在毛利人中居中，在欧洲儿童中最低。全球ALRI疾病负担的四个关键营养风险因素中的三个——低出生体重、锌缺乏和母乳喂养不足——可能是新西兰ALRI疾病负担的促成因素。除这些因素外，儿童早期维生素D缺乏和母亲维生素D缺乏也可能很重要，特别是对于太平洋岛民和毛利儿童中较高的疾病负担而言。
营养不良对新西兰ALRI疾病负担的影响需要进一步明确。这种明确对于制定旨在改善儿童早期健康的营养政策至关重要。
