Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa.
BJOG. 2011 Jan;118(2):202-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02733.x. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
Without prevention, a third of HIV-exposed infants acquire HIV in breastfeeding populations before, during, or after delivery through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Whereas MTCT is now a sentinel event in resource-rich countries with antiretroviral prophylaxis, caesarean section, and avoidance of breastfeeding, this is not yet the case in resource-poor settings because breastfeeding is crucial to infant survival. Recent advances in postpartum maternal and infant prophylaxis enables safer breastfeeding, and increasing numbers of women accessing treatment and prevention of MTCT services in sub-Saharan Africa is leading to optimism that MTCT could be eliminated here also, as reflected in the UNAIDS target of 2015.
如果不采取预防措施，在资源丰富的国家，三分之一的 HIV 暴露婴儿会在分娩前、分娩期间或分娩后通过母婴传播（MTCT）感染 HIV。虽然现在在资源丰富的国家，通过抗逆转录病毒预防、剖腹产和避免母乳喂养，MTCT 已经成为一个重要的事件，但是在资源匮乏的地区，这种情况还没有发生，因为母乳喂养对婴儿的生存至关重要。最近在产后母婴预防方面的进展使得母乳喂养更加安全，撒哈拉以南非洲地区越来越多的妇女获得治疗和预防 MTCT 服务，这让人乐观地认为，MTCT 也可以在这里被消除，正如联合国艾滋病规划署 2015 年的目标所反映的那样。
