人类前额叶皮层损伤后的动态神经可塑性。
Dynamic neuroplasticity after human prefrontal cortex damage.
机构信息
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
出版信息
Neuron. 2010 Nov 4;68(3):401-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.018.
Abstract
Memory and attention deficits are common after prefrontal cortex (PFC) damage, yet people generally recover some function over time. Recovery is thought to be dependent upon undamaged brain regions, but the temporal dynamics underlying cognitive recovery are poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that the intact PFC compensates for damage in the lesioned PFC on a trial-by-trial basis dependent on cognitive load. The extent of this rapid functional compensation is indexed by transient increases in electrophysiological measures of attention and memory in the intact PFC, detectable within a second after stimulus presentation and only when the lesioned hemisphere is challenged. These observations provide evidence supporting a dynamic and flexible model of compensatory neural plasticity.
摘要
记忆和注意力缺陷在额前皮质（PFC）损伤后很常见，但随着时间的推移，人们通常会恢复一些功能。据认为，恢复依赖于未受损的大脑区域，但认知恢复的时间动态尚不清楚。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，在依赖于认知负荷的情况下，未受损的 PFC 会逐次补偿受损的 PFC，这种补偿是快速发生的。这种快速功能补偿的程度可以通过未受损的 PFC 中注意力和记忆的电生理测量的短暂增加来衡量，在刺激呈现后一秒内即可检测到，并且仅在受损半球受到挑战时才会出现。这些观察结果为支持动态和灵活的补偿性神经可塑性模型提供了证据。
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