Hayat Mahnoor, Syed Rafay Ali, Qaiser Hammad, Uzair Mohammad, Al-Regaiey Khalid, Khallaf Roaa, Albassam Lubna Abdullah Mohammed, Kaleem Imdad, Wang Xueyi, Wang Ran, Bhatti Mehwish S, Bashir Shahid
Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Neural Regen Res. 2025 Aug 1;20(8):2279-2299. doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01403. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
The complex morphological, anatomical, physiological, and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries. The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions, but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Beyond these observable, mild morphological shifts, significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain. Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health, especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition. This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes, differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease.
几个世纪以来，衰老大脑中复杂的形态、解剖、生理和化学机制一直是研究的热点。衰老过程会改变影响功能和认知的大脑结构，但这些过程的恶化会导致神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病）的发病。除了这些可观察到的轻微形态变化外，神经传递和神经元活动的显著功能改变对衰老大脑至关重要。了解这些变化对于维持认知健康很重要，尤其是考虑到影响认知的与年龄相关疾病的患病率不断上升。本综述旨在探讨年龄引起的大脑可塑性和分子过程的变化，区分正常衰老与阿尔茨海默病的发病机制，从而为预测痴呆症（尤其是阿尔茨海默病）的风险提供见解。
