University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1563, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2011 May;15(2):199-213. doi: 10.1177/1088868310387615. Epub 2010 Nov 1.
An attributional analysis of reactions to poverty is presented. The article begins by discussing the perceived causes of poverty and their taxonomic properties (locus, stability, and controllability). One antecedent of causal beliefs, political ideology, is then examined in detail, followed by a review of the effects of causal beliefs on emotions and behavior. It is contended that helping the poor is a moral issue, but the moral evaluation concerns the targeted recipient of aid rather than the potential help giver. Persons perceived as responsible for their plight, a dominant construal for conservatives, elicit anger and neglect. In contrast, those seen as not responsible for their financial hardship, an outlook predominantly endorsed by liberals, arouse sympathy and help giving. Sympathy is the most important proximal determinant of aid. This analysis is extended to reactions to achievement failure, abortion, and rape. Policy implications are also examined.
呈现了对贫困反应的归因分析。文章首先讨论了贫困的感知原因及其分类属性（位置、稳定性和可控性）。然后详细探讨了因果信念的一个前因，即政治意识形态，接着回顾了因果信念对情感和行为的影响。本文认为，帮助穷人是一个道德问题，但道德评价涉及援助的目标接受者，而不是潜在的援助给予者。对于那些被认为对自己的困境负有责任的人，这是保守派的主要观点，他们会引起愤怒和忽视。相比之下，那些被认为对自己的经济困难不负责任的人，这是自由派的主要观点，会引起同情和帮助。同情是援助的最重要的近端决定因素。这种分析扩展到对成就失败、堕胎和强奸的反应。还探讨了政策含义。
