Havens Jennifer R, Young April M, Havens Christopher E
Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 333 Waller Avenue, Lexington, KY 40504, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011 Mar;165(3):250-5. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.217. Epub 2010 Nov 1.
To compare the prevalence of nonmedical prescription drug use among adolescents residing in urban, suburban, and rural areas of the United States and to determine factors independently associated with rural nonmedical prescription drug use among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.
Cross-sectional, population-based survey.
Noninstitutionalized residents in the United States.
Participants included adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (N = 17 872), most of whom were residing in urban areas (53.2%), male (51%), and white (59%).
Living in rural compared with urban area.
Nonmedical use of prescription drugs (pain relievers, tranquilizers, sedatives, and stimulants). Data were from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
Rural adolescents were 26% more likely than urban adolescents to have used prescription drugs nonmedically (adjusted odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.57) even after adjustment for race, health, and other drug and alcohol use. When examining the rural adolescents in particular, factors positively associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs included decreased health status, major depressive episode(s), and other drug (marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, and inhalants) and alcohol use. Protective factors for nonmedical prescription drug use among rural adolescents included school enrollment and living in a 2-parent household.
Rural adolescents were significantly more likely than urban adolescents to report nonmedical prescription drug use. However, these results suggest there are multiple potential points of intervention to prevent initiation or progression of use among rural adolescents including preventing school dropout, increased parental involvement, and increased access to health, mental health, and substance abuse treatment.
比较居住在美国城市、郊区和农村地区的青少年中非医疗用途处方药的使用流行情况，并确定与12至17岁农村青少年非医疗用途处方药使用独立相关的因素。
基于人群的横断面调查。
美国非机构化居民。
参与者包括12至17岁的青少年（N = 17872），其中大多数居住在城市地区（53.2%），男性（51%），白人（59%）。
与城市地区相比居住在农村地区。
非医疗用途使用处方药（止痛药、镇静剂、安眠药和兴奋剂）。数据来自2008年全国药物使用和健康调查。
即使在对种族、健康状况以及其他药物和酒精使用情况进行调整之后，农村青少年非医疗用途使用处方药的可能性仍比城市青少年高26%（调整后的优势比为1.26；95%置信区间为1.01 - 1.57）。在专门研究农村青少年时，与非医疗用途使用处方药呈正相关的因素包括健康状况下降、重度抑郁发作，以及其他药物（大麻、可卡因、致幻剂和吸入剂）和酒精的使用。农村青少年非医疗用途使用处方药的保护因素包括入学和生活在双亲家庭。
农村青少年报告非医疗用途使用处方药的可能性显著高于城市青少年。然而，这些结果表明，有多个潜在的干预点可用于预防农村青少年开始使用或增加使用处方药的情况，包括防止辍学、增加父母参与度，以及增加获得健康、心理健康和药物滥用治疗的机会。
