Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Afr Health Sci. 2021 Dec;21(4):1754-1763. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v21i4.32.
Globally, rising blood pressure is of public health concern as it is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and preventable death. This study accessed the relationship of blood pressure status, dietary factors and serum electrolytes among in-school adolescents in Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
A cross-sectional survey of 488 secondary school students (aged 10-19 years). Blood pressures were assessed using auscultatory method and questionnaires were used to obtain food frequency and 24-hour dietary recall data. Blood samples from volunteers were used for serum sodium and potassium assays.
The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased with age, irrespective of gender. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among participants were 19.3% and 10.5%, respectively, with males and females having similar pattern. Dietary factors like addition of table salt to already prepared foods, higher intake of eggs, and lower intake of vegetables were associated with the development of elevated blood pressure among the adolescents. The estimated mean dietary intakes (mg/person/day) of sodium and potassium were 2289±938.7 and 1321±603.8, respectively, with majority consuming far higher (for sodium - 80%) or far below (for potassium - 95%) recommendations. The mean serum sodium (138.0±18.3 mmolL) and potassium (3.06±1.1 mmolL) were similar across genders. A significant (p<0.05) negative relationship exists between serum potassium and SBP.
The blood pressure status of the adolescents studied are of great concern and are somewhat negatively influenced by poor dietary and lifestyle practices. They require prompt intervention to slow down the development of CVDs in the future.
在全球范围内，血压升高是一个公共卫生问题，因为它是心血管疾病（CVDs）和可预防死亡的主要原因。本研究评估了尼日利亚奥贡州伊利沙兰-雷莫的在校青少年的血压状况、饮食因素和血清电解质之间的关系。
对 488 名中学生（年龄在 10-19 岁之间）进行横断面调查。使用听诊法评估血压，使用问卷获得食物频率和 24 小时膳食回忆数据。从志愿者中抽取血液样本，用于检测血清钠和钾。
无论性别如何，收缩压（SBP）均随年龄增长而升高。参与者中高血压和高血压的患病率分别为 19.3%和 10.5%，男性和女性的模式相似。添加盐到已准备好的食物、更高的鸡蛋摄入量和更低的蔬菜摄入量等饮食因素与青少年高血压的发展有关。钠和钾的估计平均膳食摄入量（mg/人/天）分别为 2289±938.7 和 1321±603.8，其中大多数人摄入的钠远远高于（80%）或钾远远低于（95%）推荐量。男女血清钠（138.0±18.3 mmol/L）和钾（3.06±1.1 mmol/L）相似。血清钾与 SBP 之间存在显著的（p<0.05）负相关关系。
研究中青少年的血压状况令人担忧，不良的饮食和生活方式习惯对其血压有一定的负面影响。他们需要及时干预，以减缓未来 CVDs 的发展。
