International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
PLoS One. 2010 Oct 21;5(10):e13570. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013570.
In March 2007, we investigated a cluster of Nipah encephalitis to identify risk factors for Nipah infection in Bangladesh.
We defined confirmed Nipah cases by the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against Nipah virus in serum. Case-patients, who resided in the same village during the outbreak period but died before serum could be collected, were classified as probable cases.
We identified three confirmed and five probable Nipah cases. There was a single index case. Five of the secondary cases came in close physical contact to the index case when she was ill. Case-patients were more likely to have physical contact with the index case (71% cases versus 0% controls, p = <0.001). The index case, on her third day of illness, and all the subsequent cases attended the same religious gathering. For three probable cases including the index case, we could not identify any known risk factors for Nipah infection such as physical contact with Nipah case-patients, consumption of raw date palm juice, or contact with sick animals or fruit bats.
Though person-to-person transmission remains an important mode of transmission for Nipah infection, we could not confirm the source of infection for three of the probable Nipah case-patients. Continued surveillance and outbreak investigations will help better understand the transmission of Nipah virus and develop preventive strategies.
2007 年 3 月，我们调查了一起尼帕脑炎聚集性疫情，以确定孟加拉国尼帕病毒感染的危险因素。
我们通过血清中存在尼帕病毒 IgM 和 IgG 抗体来定义确诊的尼帕病例。在爆发期间居住在同一村庄但在采集血清前死亡的病例患者被归类为可能病例。
我们发现了 3 例确诊和 5 例可能的尼帕病例。有一个单一的索引病例。5 例继发性病例在她生病时与指数病例有密切的身体接触。病例患者更有可能与指数病例有身体接触（71%的病例与 0%的对照组相比，p<0.001）。在发病的第三天，指数病例和所有随后的病例都参加了同一个宗教集会。对于包括指数病例在内的 3 例可能病例，我们无法确定任何已知的尼帕感染危险因素，例如与尼帕病例患者的身体接触、食用生椰枣汁、或接触患病动物或果蝠。
尽管人际传播仍然是尼帕病毒感染的重要传播途径，但我们无法确认 3 例可能的尼帕病例患者的感染源。持续的监测和疫情调查将有助于更好地了解尼帕病毒的传播，并制定预防策略。
