Scientific Centre of Children's Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Lomonosovskiy Prospect, Moscow, Russia.
Clin Epidemiol. 2010 Oct 21;2:221-7. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S12279.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children, and is responsible for an estimated four million deaths per year globally. A monthly injection of palivizumab has been used for prophylaxis of serious RSV infections among high-risk children in 71 countries since 1998 and approval for use in the Russian Federation was obtained in February 2010. A recommendation for RSV prophylaxis in the Russian Federation would require knowledge of the prevalence and seasonality of RSV in that country.
In a prospective, multicenter, epidemiological study of the prevalence, seasonality, and peak occurrence of RSV infection, children aged ≤2 years hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections in three regions of the Russian Federation, from September 2008 through April 2009, were screened and tested for RSV using rapid immunochromatography of nasopharyngeal lavage. For subjects who were tested positive, hospitalization data were collected.
Of 519 children aged ≤2 years enrolled from September 11, 2008 through April 26, 2009, 197 tested positive for RSV (38.0%, 95% CI: 33.8, 42.3). The onset of the 2008-2009 RSV season in the Russian Federation occurred in late October 2008, similar to what is observed in other northern temperate zones. Peak activity occurred in early April 2009, when 62% of children enrolled tested positive for RSV.
The prevalence of serious RSV infections in the Russian Federation is similar to the prevalence previously identified in other temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. The seasonality of disease shifted towards early spring, with peak activity later in the season, within a range reported in other countries. These data provide further evidence of serious RSV infection in children in the Russian Federation, as well as guidance for timing of seasonal RSV prophylaxis, especially among individuals at high risk for serious RSV infection.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是导致婴幼儿严重下呼吸道感染的主要原因，据估计，每年在全球造成约 400 万人死亡。自 1998 年以来，已有 71 个国家使用每月注射帕利珠单抗来预防高危儿童的严重 RSV 感染，并且 2010 年 2 月获得了在俄罗斯联邦的使用批准。要在俄罗斯联邦推荐 RSV 预防措施，就需要了解该国 RSV 的流行率和季节性。
在一项针对俄罗斯联邦 RSV 流行率、季节性和感染高峰期的前瞻性、多中心、流行病学研究中，从 2008 年 9 月至 2009 年 4 月，在俄罗斯联邦三个地区因下呼吸道感染住院的≤2 岁儿童进行了筛选，并使用鼻咽灌洗的快速免疫层析法检测 RSV。对于检测呈阳性的受试者，收集了住院数据。
在 2008 年 9 月 11 日至 2009 年 4 月 26 日期间，共纳入 519 名≤2 岁的儿童，其中 197 名（38.0%，95%CI：33.8，42.3）检测出 RSV 阳性。2008-2009 年俄罗斯 RSV 季节的开始时间与其他北方温带地区相似，为 2008 年 10 月底。高峰期出现在 2009 年 4 月初，此时 62%的入组儿童 RSV 检测呈阳性。
俄罗斯联邦严重 RSV 感染的流行率与北半球其他温带地区之前确定的流行率相似。疾病的季节性向早春转移，在该季节后期，高峰期活动较其他国家报告的时间有所延迟。这些数据进一步证明了俄罗斯联邦儿童中存在严重 RSV 感染，并为季节性 RSV 预防措施的时间安排提供了指导，特别是在严重 RSV 感染高危人群中。
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