University of Utah, College of Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Cornea. 2011 Apr;30(4):379-87. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181f7f363.
The aim of this study was to estimate both the direct and indirect annual cost of managing dry eye disease (DED) in the United States from a societal and a payer's perspective.
A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the annual cost for managing a cohort of patients with dry eye with differing severity of symptoms and treatment. The direct costs included ocular lubricants, cyclosporine, punctal plugs, physician visits, and nutritional supplements. The indirect costs were measured as the productivity loss because of absenteeism and presenteeism. The model was populated with data that were obtained from surveys that were completed by dry eye sufferers who were recruited from online databases. Sensitivity analyses were employed to evaluate the impact of changes in parameters on the estimation of costs. All costs were converted to 2008 US dollars.
Survey data were collected from 2171 respondents with DED. Our analysis indicated that the average annual cost of managing a patient with dry eye at $783 (variation, $757-$809) from the payers' perspective. When adjusted to the prevalence of DED nationwide, the overall burden of DED for the US healthcare system would be $3.84 billion. From a societal perspective, the average cost of managing DED was estimated to be $11,302 per patient and $55.4 billion to the US society overall.
DED poses a substantial economic burden on the payer and on the society. These findings may provide valuable information for health plans or employers regarding budget estimation.
本研究旨在从社会和支付者角度评估美国干眼（DED）管理的直接和间接年度成本。
采用决策分析模型，评估不同症状严重程度和治疗方案的干眼患者队列的年度管理成本。直接成本包括眼部润滑剂、环孢素、泪点塞、医生就诊和营养补充剂。间接成本则以因旷工和在职缺勤导致的生产力损失来衡量。模型中使用了从在线数据库招募的干眼患者完成的调查数据进行填充。采用敏感性分析评估参数变化对成本估算的影响。所有成本均换算为 2008 年美元。
共从 2171 名 DED 患者中收集了调查数据。我们的分析表明，从支付者角度来看，每位干眼患者的年平均管理成本为 783 美元（波动范围为 757-809 美元）。调整到全国 DED 的流行率后，美国医疗保健系统中 DED 的总负担将为 38.4 亿美元。从社会角度来看，每位患者管理 DED 的平均成本估计为 11302 美元，对美国社会整体的总成本为 554 亿美元。
DED 给支付者和社会带来了巨大的经济负担。这些发现可能为健康计划或雇主提供有关预算估算的有价值信息。
