Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
Water Res. 2011 Jan;45(3):1267-79. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.003. Epub 2010 Oct 19.
The changes in process performance and microbial communities under free cyanide (CN(-)) were investigated in a lab-scale activated sludge process treating industrial wastewater. The performance of phenol degradation did not appear to be adversely affected by increases in CN(-) concentrations. In contrast, CN(-) was found to have an inhibitory effect on SCN(-) biodegradation, resulting in the increase of TOC and COD concentrations. Nitratation also appeared to be inhibited at CN(-) concentrations in excess of 1.0 mg/L, confirming that nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is more sensitive to the CN(-) toxicity than ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). After CN(-) loads were stopped, SCN(-) removal, denitrification, and nitrification inhibited by CN(-) were recovered to performance efficiency of more than 98%. The AOB and NOB communities in the aerobic reactor were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length (T-RFLP) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Nitrosomonas europaea lineage was the predominant AOB at all samples during the operation, but an obvious change was observed in the diversity of AOB at the shock loading of 30 and 50 mg/L CN(-), resulting in Nitrosospira sp. becoming dominant. We also observed coexisting Nitrospira and Nitrobacter genera for NOB. The increase of CN(-) loading seemed to change the balance between Nitrospira and Nitrobacter, resulting in the high dominance of Nitrobacter over Nitrospira. Meanwhile, through using the qPCR, it was observed that the nitrite-reducing functional genes (i.e., nirS) were dominant in the activated sludge of the anoxic reactor, regardless of CN(-) loads.
研究了在处理工业废水的实验室规模活性污泥工艺中，游离氰化物 (CN(-)) 下过程性能和微生物群落的变化。酚降解的性能似乎没有受到 CN(-)浓度增加的不利影响。相比之下，CN(-)被发现对 SCN(-)生物降解具有抑制作用，导致 TOC 和 COD 浓度增加。硝态氮硝化似乎也受到超过 1.0mg/L 的 CN(-)浓度的抑制，证实亚硝酸盐氧化菌 (NOB) 比氨氧化菌 (AOB) 对 CN(-)毒性更敏感。停止 CN(-)负荷后，CN(-)抑制的 SCN(-)去除、反硝化和硝化恢复到超过 98%的性能效率。通过末端限制性片段长度 (T-RFLP) 和定量实时 PCR (qPCR) 分析好氧反应器中的 AOB 和 NOB 群落。在整个运行过程中，欧洲亚硝化单胞菌属是 AOB 的主要优势种群，但在 30 和 50mg/L CN(-)的冲击负荷下，AOB 的多样性发生了明显变化，导致硝化螺旋菌属成为优势种群。我们还观察到了同时存在的硝化螺旋菌和硝化杆菌属的 NOB。CN(-)负荷的增加似乎改变了 Nitrospira 和 Nitrobacter 之间的平衡，导致 Nitrobacter 对 Nitrospira 的高度优势。同时，通过使用 qPCR，观察到在缺氧反应器的活性污泥中，亚硝酸盐还原功能基因（即 nirS）占主导地位，无论 CN(-)负荷如何。
