Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Lausanne, Bâtiments administratifs de Vidy, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;65(2):210-8. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.248. Epub 2010 Nov 3.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the precise role of parental migrant status (MS) and educational level (EL) on adiposity and various eating habits in young children. Therefore, we assessed their independent contribution in preschoolers.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Of 655 randomly selected preschoolers, 542 (5.1±0.6 years; 71% of parental MS and 37% of low parental EL) were analysed. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Eating habits were assessed using a semiqualitative food frequency questionnaire and analysed according to five messages developed by the Swiss Society for Nutrition, based on factors implicated in childhood obesity: (1) 'Drinking water and decreasing sweetened drinks', (2) 'Eating fruit and vegetables', (3) 'Decreasing breakfast skipping', (4) 'Reducing fatty and sweet foods' and (5) 'Reducing the intake of meals and snacks in front of television'.
Children of migrant and low EL parents had higher body fat, ate more meals and snacks while watching television and had more fruit and fatty foods compared with their respective counterparts (all P≤ 0.04). Children of low EL parents also consumed less water and vegetables compared with their counterparts (all P≤ 0.04). In most instances, we found an independent contribution of parental MS and EL to adiposity and eating habits. A more pronounced effect was found if both parents were migrants or of low EL. Differences in adiposity and eating habits were relatively similar to the joint parental data when assessed individually for maternal and paternal MS and EL.
Parental MS and EL are independently related to adiposity and various eating habits in preschoolers.
背景/目的：父母移民身份（MS）和教育水平（EL）对幼儿肥胖和各种饮食习惯的确切作用知之甚少。因此，我们评估了它们在学龄前儿童中的独立作用。
受试者/方法：在 655 名随机选择的学龄前儿童中，有 542 名（5.1±0.6 岁；父母 MS 的 71%和父母 EL 的 37%较低）进行了分析。通过生物电阻抗法测量身体成分。使用半定量食物频率问卷评估饮食习惯，并根据瑞士营养学会制定的五个信息进行分析，这些信息基于与儿童肥胖有关的因素：（1）“饮用和减少含糖饮料”，（2）“食用水果和蔬菜”，（3）“减少不吃早餐”，（4）“减少高脂肪和甜食”和（5）“减少在看电视时吃的餐点和零食”。
移民和低 EL 父母的孩子体脂较高，边看电视边吃更多的餐点和零食，而且水果和高脂肪食物的摄入量也多于各自的父母（所有 P≤0.04）。与父母相比，低 EL 父母的孩子还消耗较少的水和蔬菜（所有 P≤0.04）。在大多数情况下，我们发现父母 MS 和 EL 对肥胖和饮食习惯有独立的影响。如果父母双方都是移民或教育水平较低，则影响更为明显。当单独评估母亲和父亲的 MS 和 EL 时，在评估个体时，发现肥胖和饮食习惯的差异与联合父母数据相对相似。
父母的 MS 和 EL 与学龄前儿童的肥胖和各种饮食习惯独立相关。
