Shi Z, Lien N, Kumar B N, Holmboe-Ottesen G
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec;59(12):1439-48. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602259.
To identify the differences in food habits and preferences among the adolescents according to socio-demographic characteristics.
Cross-sectional, cluster design survey in 2002.
Eight middle schools in two distinct socio-economic areas of the Jiangsu province, China.
Some 824 young adolescents (12-14 y) attending public schools with a response rate of 99%.
A self-administered questionnaire containing questions on food and meal frequencies, food preferences and socio-demographic characteristics was used.
High socio-economic status (SES) and urban residence was positively associated with intake of high-energy foods, such as foods of animal origin, Western style foods and dairy products. In all, 76% of the students had three meals a day regularly , but 8.1% urban students vs 3.4% rural students had breakfast only 1-3 times per week or less often. Daily fruit consumption was fairly common, but with clear differences by SES. Only about 42% of the boys and 55% of the girls from low SES families ate fruit daily, compared with 66% and 72%, respectively in the high SES families. Urban boys had the lowest proportion of daily consumers of vegetables (67.0%). More urban students drank milk daily than the rural students (68.7 vs 38.5%). The frequency of milk drinking also showed a strong positive association with SES. About 10% of the high SES boys consumed hamburgers daily compared with 2.8% of the low SES boys. More than half of the students reported a liking for Western style fast foods including hamburgers, soft drinks and chocolate. Among high SES boys, 21.5% consumed soft drinks on a daily basis; however, as many as 72.3% wanted to drink soft drinks more often if they could afford it.
SES and urban location were positively associated with frequency of intake of high-energy foods. Reported food preferences may enforce this trend. Nutrition education for adolescents and parents is needed to promote healthy eating. Health Authorities should strengthen the monitoring of food intake and its association with overweight/obesity.
This study was funded by the Norwegian Directorate of Health and Social affairs under the auspices of the Norway-China Health Agreement.
根据社会人口学特征确定青少年饮食习惯和偏好的差异。
2002年的横断面整群设计调查。
中国江苏省两个不同社会经济区域的八所中学。
约824名12 - 14岁的公立学校青少年，应答率为99%。
使用一份自我管理的问卷，其中包含有关食物和进餐频率、食物偏好以及社会人口学特征的问题。
高社会经济地位（SES）和城市居住与高能量食物的摄入呈正相关，如动物性食物、西式食品和乳制品。总体而言，76%的学生每天规律吃三餐，但8.1%的城市学生与3.4%的农村学生每周仅吃1 - 3次早餐或更少。每日食用水果相当普遍，但按SES有明显差异。来自低SES家庭的男孩中只有约42%、女孩中只有55%每天吃水果，相比之下，高SES家庭中这一比例分别为66%和72%。城市男孩每日食用蔬菜的比例最低（67.0%）。每天喝牛奶的城市学生比农村学生更多（68.7%对38.5%）。喝牛奶的频率也与SES呈强烈正相关。约10%的高SES男孩每天吃汉堡，而低SES男孩中这一比例为2.8%。超过一半的学生表示喜欢包括汉堡、软饮料和巧克力在内的西式快餐食品。在高SES男孩中，21.5%每天喝软饮料；然而，多达72.3%的人表示如果负担得起，希望更频繁地喝软饮料。
SES和城市位置与高能量食物的摄入频率呈正相关。报告的食物偏好可能强化这一趋势。需要对青少年及其家长开展营养教育以促进健康饮食。卫生当局应加强对食物摄入及其与超重/肥胖关联的监测。
本研究由挪威卫生和社会事务局在挪中卫生协议的支持下资助。
