College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA.
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2006 Sep;23(6):856-76. doi: 10.1080/02643290500483124.
Older adults, individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), and individuals with semantic dementia (SD) produced the past tense of verbs based on present-tense carrier sentences (e.g., Everyday I ding the bell. Yesterday I_____the bell). Both regularity (i.e., whether or not -ed is used for the past tense) and consistency (i.e., the degree to which verbs of similar orthography and phonology in the present tense have similar past tenses to the target) were manipulated. Participants received regular consistent (e.g., land-landed), regular inconsistent (e.g., weed-weeded), irregular consistent (e.g., sting-stung), and irregular inconsistent (e.g., light-lit) verbs. The dependent measures were overall accuracy rates and error rate types (e.g., regularizations, analogies, and other errors). Both consistency and regularity influenced performance. In addition, individuals with DAT showed a disproportionate deficit for inconsistent verbs associated with a high summed frequency of enemies, whereas SD individuals produced disproportionate breakdowns in performance on regular inconsistent, irregular consistent, and irregular inconsistent verbs. These results are consistent with the perspective that semantic/lexical processes are involved in processing the past tense of both irregular verbs and regular inconsistent verbs, and that attention is used to select appropriate responses and control inappropriate responses.
老年人、阿尔茨海默病型痴呆（DAT）患者和语义性痴呆（SD）患者根据现在时载体句生成动词的过去时（例如，每天我按门铃。昨天我按了门铃）。同时操纵了规律性（即过去时是否使用-ed）和一致性（即现在时具有相似拼写和发音的动词与目标动词的过去时是否相似的程度）。参与者收到了规则一致（例如，land-landed）、规则不一致（例如，weed-weeded）、不规则一致（例如，sting-stung）和不规则不一致（例如，light-lit）动词。因变量是总体准确率和错误率类型（例如，规则化、类比和其他错误）。一致性和规律性都影响了表现。此外，DAT 患者对与高敌人数总和相关的不一致动词表现出不成比例的缺陷，而 SD 患者在不规则不一致、规则不一致和不规则一致动词上的表现则出现不成比例的崩溃。这些结果与以下观点一致：语义/词汇过程涉及不规则动词和规则不一致动词过去时的处理，注意力用于选择适当的反应并控制不适当的反应。
