Seacrist Thomas, Balasubramanian Sriram, García-España J Felipe, Maltese Matthew R, Arbogast Kristy B, Lopez-Valdes Francisco J, Kent Richard W, Tanji Hiromasa, Higuchi Kazuo
Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia TK Holdings.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2010;54:97-108.
The Hybrid III 6-year-old ATD has been benchmarked against adult-scaled component level tests but the lack of biomechanical data hinders the effectiveness of the procedures used to scale the adult data to the child. Whole body kinematic validation of the pediatric ATD through limited comparison to post mortem human subjects (PMHS) of similar age and size has revealed key differences attributed to the rigidity of the thoracic spine. As restraint systems continue to advance, they may become more effective at limiting peak loads applied to occupants, leading to lower impact environments for which the biofidelity of the ATD is not well established. Consequently, there is a growing need to further enhance the assessment of the pediatric ATD by evaluating its biofidelity at lower crash speeds. To this end, this study compared the kinematic response of the Hybrid III 6 year old ATD against size-matched male pediatric volunteers (PVs) (6-9 yrs) in low-speed frontal sled tests. A 3-D near-infrared target tracking system quantified the position of markers at seven locations on the ATD and PVs (head top, opisthocranion, nasion, external auditory meatus, C4, T1, and pelvis). Angular velocity of the head, seat belt forces, and reaction forces on the seat pan and foot rest were also measured. The ATD exhibited significantly greater shoulder and lap belt, foot rest, and seat pan normal reaction loads compared to the PVs. Contrarily, PVs exhibited significantly greater seat pan shear. The ATD experienced significantly greater head angular velocity (11.4 ± 1.7 rad/s vs. 8.1 ± 1.4 rad/s), resulting in a quicker time to maximum head rotation (280.4 ± 2.5 ms vs 334.2 ± 21.7 ms). The ATD exhibited significantly less forward excursions of the nasion (171.7 ± 7.8 mm vs. 199.5 ± 12.3 mm), external auditory meatus (194.5 ± 11.8 mm vs. 205.7 ± 10.3 mm), C4 (127.0 ± 5.2 mm vs. 183.3 ± 12.8 mm) and T1 (111.1 ± 6.5 mm vs. 153.8 ± 10.5 mm) compared to the PVs. These analyses provide insight into aspects of ATD biofidelity in low-speed crash environments.
已将混合III型6岁假人（ATD）与成人比例的部件级测试进行了对标，但生物力学数据的缺乏阻碍了将成人数据缩放到儿童数据所使用程序的有效性。通过与年龄和体型相似的尸体人类受试者（PMHS）进行有限比较，对儿科ATD进行的全身运动学验证揭示了由于胸椎刚性导致的关键差异。随着约束系统不断发展，它们在限制施加于乘员的峰值载荷方面可能会变得更加有效，从而导致ATD生物逼真度尚未得到充分确立的更低碰撞环境。因此，越来越需要通过评估其在更低碰撞速度下的生物逼真度来进一步加强对儿科ATD的评估。为此，本研究在低速正面雪橇试验中比较了混合III型6岁ATD与体型匹配的男性儿科志愿者（PVs）（6 - 9岁）的运动学响应。一个三维近红外目标跟踪系统对ATD和PVs上七个位置的标记物位置进行了量化（头顶、颅后点、鼻根、外耳道、C4、T1和骨盆）。还测量了头部的角速度、安全带力以及座椅座面和脚踏板上的反作用力。与PVs相比，ATD表现出显著更大的肩部和腰部安全带、脚踏板以及座椅座面法向反作用力。相反，PVs表现出显著更大的座椅座面剪切力。ATD经历了显著更大的头部角速度（11.4±1.7弧度/秒对8.1±1.4弧度/秒），导致达到最大头部旋转的时间更快（280.4±2.5毫秒对334.2±21.7毫秒）。与PVs相比，ATD的鼻根（171.7±7.8毫米对199.5±12.3毫米）、外耳道（194.5±11.8毫米对205.7±10.3毫米）、C4（127.0±5.2毫米对183.3±12.8毫米）和T1（111.1±6.5毫米对153.8±10.5毫米）的向前偏移明显更小。这些分析为低速碰撞环境中ATD生物逼真度的各个方面提供了见解。
