Scullion Paul, Morgan Richard M, Mohan Pradeep, Kan Cing-Dao, Shanks Kurt, Jin Wook, Tangirala Ravi
George Washington University Hyundai-Kia Motors.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2010;54:137-48.
The objective of this study was to examine and rank the Small Overlap Frontal Crash as one of the eight-group taxonomy proposed by Ford. The Ford taxonomy classifies real-world frontal-impact crashes based on the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS). Frontally-impacted vehicles were identified for 1985 - 2008 model year passenger vehicles with Collision Deformation Classification (CDC) data from the 1995 - 2008 years of NASS. Small overlap frontal cases were identified where there was no engagement of the vehicle frame rails, and the direct damage was located entirely outside of the vehicle frame rails. The results are that full engagement and offset (offset category means the direct damage overlaps the vehicle frame rail, with the center of direct damage between the frame rails) were the most frequent crashes contributing 35% each. The frequency of the small overlap frontal was 6%. The risks of injury (AIS ≥ 2) for the full engagement, offset, and small overlap were 8%, 6%, and 3% respectively. For this study, the number of small overlap vehicles was 1,118 and the number of injured nearside occupants was 100. This study-following the Ford approach and reasonably identifying the location of the longitudinal rails based on CDC-suggests that the small overlap is at worst a moderately dangerous crash in the overall scheme of frontal crashes. The implications of this study are that the safety community should reexamine the significance of the small overlap frontal crash against an overall taxonomy of crashes.
本研究的目的是将小重叠正面碰撞作为福特提出的八类分类法之一进行检验和排名。福特分类法根据国家汽车抽样系统（NASS）对现实世界中的正面碰撞事故进行分类。利用1995 - 2008年NASS的碰撞变形分类（CDC）数据，识别出1985 - 2008年款乘用车中发生正面碰撞的车辆。确定了小重叠正面碰撞的案例，即车辆车架纵梁未参与碰撞，且直接损坏完全位于车架纵梁之外。结果显示，完全碰撞和偏置碰撞（偏置类别是指直接损坏与车架纵梁重叠，直接损坏中心位于纵梁之间）是最常见的碰撞类型，各占35%。小重叠正面碰撞的发生率为6%。完全碰撞、偏置碰撞和小重叠碰撞导致受伤（AIS≥2）的风险分别为8%、6%和3%。在本研究中，小重叠碰撞车辆数量为1118辆，近侧受伤乘客数量为100人。本研究遵循福特的方法，并根据CDC合理确定纵梁位置，表明在正面碰撞的整体情况中，小重叠碰撞充其量是一种中度危险的碰撞。本研究的意义在于，安全界应根据碰撞事故的整体分类法重新审视小重叠正面碰撞的重要性。
