Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010 Nov 6;10:64. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-64.
The evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance, as well as the evolution of new strains of disease causing agents, is of great concern to the global health community. Our ability to effectively treat disease is dependent on the development of new pharmaceuticals, and one potential source of novel drugs is traditional medicine. This study explores the antibacterial properties of plants used in Haudenosaunee traditional medicine. We tested the hypothesis that extracts from Haudenosaunee medicinal plants used to treat symptoms often caused by bacterial infection would show antibacterial properties in laboratory assays, and that these extracts would be more effective against moderately virulent bacteria than less virulent bacteria.
After identification and harvesting, a total of 57 different aqueous extractions were made from 15 plant species. Nine plant species were used in Haudenosaunee medicines and six plant species, of which three are native to the region and three are introduced, were not used in traditional medicine. Antibacterial activity against mostly avirulent (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus lactis) and moderately virulent (Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus) microbes was inferred through replicate disc diffusion assays; and observed and statistically predicted MIC values were determined through replicate serial dilution assays.
Although there was not complete concordance between the traditional use of Haudenosaunee medicinal plants and antibacterial activity, our data support the hypothesis that the selection and use of these plants to treat disease was not random. In particular, four plant species exhibited antimicrobial properties as expected (Achillea millefolium, Ipomoea pandurata, Hieracium pilosella, and Solidago canadensis), with particularly strong effectiveness against S. typhimurium. In addition, extractions from two of the introduced species (Hesperis matronalis and Rosa multiflora) were effective against this pathogen.
Our data suggest that further screening of plants used in traditional Haudenosaunee medicine is warranted, and we put forward several species for further investigation of activity against S. typhimurium (A. millefolium, H. matronalis, I. pandurata, H. pilosella, R. multiflora, S. canadensis).
抗生素耐药性的演变和传播，以及致病因子新菌株的演变，引起了全球卫生界的极大关注。我们有效治疗疾病的能力依赖于新药物的开发，而新药的一个潜在来源是传统医学。本研究探讨了豪德诺索尼传统医学中使用的植物的抗菌特性。我们检验了这样一个假设，即用于治疗经常由细菌感染引起的症状的豪德诺索尼药用植物的提取物在实验室检测中会表现出抗菌特性，并且这些提取物对中度毒力的细菌比对低毒力的细菌更有效。
经过鉴定和收获，共从 15 种植物中提取了 57 种不同的水提取物。有 9 种植物用于豪德诺索尼药物，其中 6 种植物，有 3 种原产于该地区，有 3 种是引入的，没有用于传统医学。通过重复的圆盘扩散试验推断出对主要非致病性（大肠杆菌、乳链球菌）和中度致病性（鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌）微生物的抗菌活性；通过重复的连续稀释试验确定了观察到的和统计学预测的 MIC 值。
尽管豪德诺索尼药用植物的传统使用与抗菌活性之间并非完全一致，但我们的数据支持这样一种假设，即选择和使用这些植物来治疗疾病并非随机的。特别是，有 4 种植物表现出预期的抗菌特性（千层塔、蕹菜、多头苦荬菜和加拿大一枝黄花），对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的效果特别强。此外，两种引入物种（多毛月见草和多花蔷薇）的提取物对这种病原体也有效。
我们的数据表明，有必要进一步筛选传统豪德诺索尼医学中使用的植物，我们提出了几种进一步研究对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌活性的物种（千层塔、多毛月见草、蕹菜、多头苦荬菜、多花蔷薇、加拿大一枝黄花）。
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