Zhao Xian-feng, Yin Shi-an, Zhao Li-yun, Fu Ping, Zhang Jian, Ma Guan-sheng
National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Aug;44(8):691-5.
To evaluate the effects of Wenchuan Earthquake on the nutritional status, growth, and the prevalence nutritional anemia, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency among children under 60 months old living in the disaster areas.
A nutritional survey was conducted in April 2009. The survey recruited 466 under 60 months old children, including 162 children aged 0 months old and 304 children aged 24 - 59 months old. The children's growth status, prevalence of anemia, and the iron deficiency prevalence, vitamin A, D, B(12), folic acid status were measured. The study findings were compared to the results from 2002 Chinese Nutritional and Health Survey.
The exclusive breast milk feeding rate among infants under 6-months was 58.8% (30/51). Among the 0 - 23 months old children, only 10.7% (16/150) got breast feeding within one hour after delivery. Ninety-two per cent (149/162) 0 - 23 months old children never received any nutrient supplements. The average cereals and roots intakes of the 24 - 59 months old children living in the disaster area were (267.2 ± 154.3) g/d, higher than the result of rural children average (178.75 g/d) of 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey (u = 9.995, P < 0.01). The average intakes of vegetables, aquatic products, meat and poultries were (63.6 ± 56.7), (2.6 ± 7.9), (19.4 ± 24.0) g/d, respectively, significantly lower than 2002 results 135.05, 8.82 and 32.23 g/d (u = 21.971, 13.728 and 9.321, P < 0.01). Fruits, dairy products and legumes intakes were (102.2 ± 110.8), (65.2 ± 123.8) and (20.5 ± 29.0) g/d, respectively, higher than 2002 results (32.81, 2.87 and 6.50 g/d; u = 10.919, 8.778 and 8.417, P < 0.01). The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and marginal deficiency was 15.4% (29/188) and 30.3% (57/188), respectively. The sum of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 92.0% (183/199). The prevalence of anemia of the 0-months old children and 24 - 59 months old children was 47.5% (77/162) and 21.5% (60/279), respectively. The prevalence of iron and zinc deficiencies was 45.7% (86/188) and 65.5% (127/197). The prevalence of stunt was 13.6% (38/279) among the 24 - 59 months old children.
The results indicated that the dietary structure of the children living in the disaster area was not ideal. Although, the intakes of energy and protein supporting foods could meet the requirements, but the dietary lacks of meats, poultries, dairy products, legume products, aquatic products and vegetables. The vitamin A, vitamin D deficiency, iron and zinc deficiencies are of a high prevalence in the disaster area.
评估汶川地震对灾区60月龄以下儿童营养状况、生长发育以及营养性贫血、维生素A缺乏（VAD）和维生素D缺乏患病率的影响。
于2009年4月进行营养调查。该调查纳入了466名60月龄以下儿童，其中包括162名0月龄儿童和304名24 - 59月龄儿童。测量了儿童的生长状况、贫血患病率以及铁缺乏患病率、维生素A、D、B12、叶酸状况。将研究结果与2002年中国营养与健康调查结果进行比较。
6月龄以下婴儿纯母乳喂养率为58.8%（30/51）。在0 - 23月龄儿童中，仅有10.7%（16/150）在出生后1小时内进行了母乳喂养。92%（149/162）的0 - 23月龄儿童从未接受过任何营养补充剂。灾区24 - 59月龄儿童谷类和根茎类食物的平均摄入量为（267.2±154.3）g/d，高于2002年全国营养与健康调查农村儿童平均水平（178.75 g/d）（u = 9.995，P < 0.01）。蔬菜、水产品、肉类和禽类的平均摄入量分别为（63.6±56.7）、（2.6±7.9）、（19.4±24.0）g/d，显著低于2002年的结果135.05、8.82和32.23 g/d（u = 21.971、13.728和9.321，P < 0.01）。水果、乳制品和豆类的摄入量分别为（102.2±110.8）、（65.2±123.8）和（20.5±29.0）g/d，高于2002年的结果（32.81、2.87和6.50 g/d；u = 10.919、8.778和8.417，P < 0.01）。维生素A缺乏和边缘性缺乏的患病率分别为15.4%（29/188）和30.3%（57/188）。维生素D缺乏和不足的总和为92.0%（183/199）。0月龄儿童和24 - 59月龄儿童的贫血患病率分别为47.5%（77/162）和21.5%（60/279）。铁和锌缺乏的患病率分别为45.7%（86/188）和65.5%（127/197）。24 - 59月龄儿童中生长迟缓的患病率为13.6%（38/279）。
结果表明，灾区儿童的饮食结构不理想。虽然能量和蛋白质类食物的摄入量能够满足需求，但饮食中缺乏肉类、禽类、乳制品、豆类制品、水产品和蔬菜。灾区维生素A、维生素D缺乏以及铁和锌缺乏的患病率较高。
