Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol. 2011 Feb 10;175(3-4):377-81. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.015. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
Toxoplasma gondii isolates are highly diverse in domestic animals from Brazil. However, little is known about the genetics of this parasite from wild mammals in the same region. Reveal genetic similarity or difference of T. gondii among different animal populations is necessary for us to understand transmission of this parasite. Here we reported isolation and genetic characterisation of three T. gondii isolates from wild animals in Brazil. The parasite was isolated by bioassay in mice from tissues of a young male red handed howler monkey (Alouatta belzebul), an adult male jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi), and an adult female black-eared opossum (Didelphis aurita). The monkey and the jaguarundi had inhabited the Zoo of Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, for 1 year and 8 years, respectively. The wild black-eared opossum was captured in São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil, and euthanised for this study because it was seropositive for T. gondii (titre 1:100 by the modified agglutination test, MAT). Ten PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers, SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico, were used to genotype the isolates. T. gondii was isolated from the brain and heart homogenate of the monkey, the muscle homogenate of the jaguarundi, and the heart homogenate of the black-eared opossum. This was the first isolation of T. gondii from a neotropical felid from Brazil. The isolate from the monkey (TgRhHmBr1) was not virulent in mice, whereas the isolates from the jaguarundi (TgJagBr1) and the black-eared opossum (TgOpBr1) were virulent in mice. The genotype of the isolate from the monkey has been identified in isolates from a goat and ten chickens in the same region of Brazil, suggesting that it may be a common lineage circulating in this region. The genotypes of the isolates from the jaguarundi and the black-eared opossum have not been previously reported. Although there are already 88 genotypes identified from a variety of animal hosts in Brazil, new genotypes are continuously being identified from different animal species, indicating an extremely high diversity of T. gondii in the population.
在巴西的家畜中，刚地弓形虫分离株具有高度多样性。然而，关于该寄生虫在同一地区的野生哺乳动物中的遗传信息却知之甚少。了解不同动物群体中刚地弓形虫的遗传相似性或差异性对于我们理解该寄生虫的传播至关重要。在这里，我们报告了从巴西野生动物中分离和遗传特征鉴定的三个刚地弓形虫分离株。该寄生虫是通过生物测定从小鼠的组织中分离出来的，这些组织来自一只年轻雄性红手吼猴（Alouatta belzebul）、一只成年雄性美洲豹（Puma yagouaroundi）和一只成年雌性黑耳负鼠（Didelphis aurita）。猴子和美洲豹分别在巴西伯南布哥州的公园州立公园生活了 1 年和 8 年。野生黑耳负鼠在巴西东南部的圣保罗州被捕获，由于其对刚地弓形虫呈血清阳性（改良凝集试验，MAT 的滴度为 1:100），因此被安乐死用于这项研究。使用了 10 个 PCR-RFLP（聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性）标记物，即 SAG1、SAG2、SAG3、BTUB、GRA6、c22-8、c29-2、L358、PK1 和 Apico，对分离株进行基因分型。刚地弓形虫从猴子的脑和心脏匀浆、美洲豹的肌肉匀浆和黑耳负鼠的心脏匀浆中分离出来。这是首次从巴西的新热带猫科动物中分离出刚地弓形虫。来自猴子的分离株（TgRhHmBr1）在小鼠中不具有毒力，而来自美洲豹的分离株（TgJagBr1）和黑耳负鼠的分离株（TgOpBr1）在小鼠中具有毒力。来自猴子的分离株的基因型已在巴西同一地区的一只山羊和十只鸡的分离株中被鉴定出来，这表明它可能是在该地区循环的常见谱系。来自美洲豹和黑耳负鼠的分离株的基因型以前没有报道过。尽管已经从巴西的各种动物宿主中鉴定出 88 种基因型，但仍在不断从不同的动物物种中鉴定出新的基因型，这表明刚地弓形虫在该种群中的多样性极高。
