Chateau H, Holden L, Robin D, Falala S, Pourcelot P, Estoup P, Denoix J-M, Crevier-Denoix N
USC INRA-ENVA 957 de Biomécanique et Pathologie Locomotrice du Cheval, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 2010 Nov(38):488-95. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00277.x.
Sandy beaches are often considered good training surfaces for trotter horses. However, their biomechanical effects on locomotion are insufficiently documented. Events at hoof impact have mostly been studied under laboratory conditions with accelerometers, but there is lack of data (acceleration, force, movement) on events occurring under every day practical conditions in the field.
To investigate hoof landing and stride parameters on different tracks (from wet to dry) of a sand beach and on an asphalt road.
The right front hoof of 4 trotter horses was equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and a dynamometric horseshoe. Acceleration and force recordings (10 kHz) were synchronised with a high speed movie (600 Hz). Horses were driven on a sand beach where 3 tracks of decreasing water content had been delimited (from the sea to the shore): firm wet sand (FWS), deep wet sand (DWS) and deep dry sand (DDS). Firm wet sand and DWS were compared at 25 km/h and DDS compared to an asphalt road at 15 km/h. Recordings (10 strides) were randomly repeated 3 times. Statistical differences were tested using a GLM procedure (P < 0.05).
Main significant results were 1) a decrease in the amplitude of the vertical deceleration (and force) of the hoof during impact on a softer surface (about 59% between DWS and FWS and 95% between DDS and asphalt), 2) a decrease in the longitudinal braking deceleration (and force) on softer grounds (50% for DWS vs. FWS and 55% for DDS vs. asphalt), 3) a decrease in the stride length and an increase in the stride frequency on a softer surface.
Drier sand surfaces reduce shock and impact forces during landing. For daily training, it should, however, be realised that improved damping characteristics are associated with a shorter stride length and a higher stride frequency.
沙滩通常被认为是快步马良好的训练场地。然而，其对运动的生物力学影响记录不足。蹄部着地时的情况大多是在实验室条件下使用加速度计进行研究，但缺乏在野外日常实际条件下发生的情况（加速度、力、运动）的数据。
研究在沙滩不同路况（从湿到干）以及在柏油路上的蹄部着地和步幅参数。
为4匹快步马的右前蹄配备了一个三轴加速度计和一个测力蹄铁。加速度和力的记录（10千赫兹）与高速摄像机（600赫兹）同步。让马在沙滩上奔跑，沙滩上已划定了3条含水量递减的跑道（从海边到岸边）：坚实湿沙地（FWS）、深湿沙地（DWS）和深干沙地（DDS）。在25千米/小时的速度下比较坚实湿沙地和深湿沙地，在15千米/小时的速度下将深干沙地与柏油路进行比较。记录（10步）随机重复3次。使用广义线性模型程序检验统计学差异（P < 0.05）。
主要显著结果为：1）在较软表面着地时，蹄部垂直减速（和力）的幅度减小（深湿沙地与坚实湿沙地之间约为59%，深干沙地与柏油路之间为95%）；2）在较软地面上纵向制动减速（和力）减小（深湿沙地与坚实湿沙地相比为50%，深干沙地与柏油路相比为55%）；3）在较软表面上步幅长度减小，步频增加。
较干燥的沙地表面在着地时可减少冲击和撞击力。然而，对于日常训练，应认识到改善的减震特性与较短的步幅长度和较高的步频相关。
