de Cocq P, Mooren M, Dortmans A, van Weeren P R, Timmerman M, Muller M, Van Leeuwen J L
Experimental Zoology Group, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, HAS Den Bosch, The Netherlands.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 2010 Nov(38):644-9. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00201.x.
In the equestrian world it is assumed that riders use changes in weight distribution and leg forces as important instruments to give horses directions about speed and direction of movement. However, the changes of these forces have never been quantified.
To investigate the distribution of normal forces (perpendicular to surface) underneath the saddle and of normal forces exerted by the rider's legs during lateral movements.
Eleven riders performed 3 different exercises: riding straight ahead, shoulder-in and travers at trot. Three saddle force systems were used simultaneously. The magnitudes of the forces were summed for the total area, the inside and the outside half of the saddle and inside and outside leg. Mean and maximum summed forces were analysed statistically.
The saddle forces showed a rhythmic pattern but leg forces were more irregular. Mean total saddle force was lower (P = 0.006) when riding straight ahead (671 ± 143 N) than when riding shoulder-in (707 ± 150 N) or travers (726 ± 165 N). Mean inside saddle force was higher (P = 0.003) when riding travers (468 ± 151 N) than when riding straight on (425 ± 121 N) or shoulder-in (413 ± 136 N). Maximum outside leg force was higher (P = 0.013) when riding travers (47.2 ± 33.9 N) than when riding straight on (31.6 ± 24.1 N) or shoulder-in (34.2 ± 27.3 N).
The study helps to give a biomechanical background to well established but intuitive horse riding techniques.
在马术界，人们认为骑手利用体重分布的变化和腿部力量作为重要手段，向马匹传达速度和运动方向的指令。然而，这些力量的变化从未被量化过。
研究在横向移动过程中，马鞍下方垂直于地面的法向力以及骑手腿部施加的法向力的分布情况。
11名骑手进行了3种不同的练习：直线骑行、肩内转和斜横步慢步。同时使用了3个马鞍测力系统。对马鞍总面积、内侧和外侧半区以及内侧和外侧腿部的力的大小进行求和。对平均和最大求和力进行统计学分析。
马鞍力呈现出有节奏的模式，但腿部力量则更为不规则。直线骑行时的平均总马鞍力（671±143牛）低于肩内转（707±150牛）或斜横步（726±165牛）时（P = 0.006）。斜横步骑行时的平均马鞍内侧力（468±151牛）高于直线骑行（425±121牛）或肩内转（413±136牛）时（P = 0.003）。斜横步骑行时的最大外侧腿部力（47.2±33.9牛）高于直线骑行（31.6±24.1牛）或肩内转（34.2±27.3牛）时（P = 0.013）。
本研究有助于为既定但凭直觉的骑马技术提供生物力学背景。
