Noguchi Hirofumi
Regenerative Research Islet Transplant Program, Baylor Research Institute, 1400 8th Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
Rev Diabet Stud. 2010 Summer;7(2):105-11. doi: 10.1900/RDS.2010.7.105. Epub 2010 Aug 10.
Patients with type 1 diabetes, and most patients with type 2 diabetes, have associated hyperglycemia due to the absence or reduction of insulin production by pancreatic β-cells. Surgical resection of the pancreas may also cause insulin-dependent diabetes depending on the size of the remaining pancreas. Insulin therapy has greatly improved the quality of life of diabetic patients, but this method is inaccurate and requires lifelong treatment that only mitigates the symptoms. The successes achieved over the last few decades by the transplantation of whole pancreas and isolated islets suggest that diabetes can be cured by the replenishment of deficient β-cells. These observations are proof-of-principle and have intensified interest in treating diabetes by cell transplantation, and by the use of stem cells. Pancreatic stem/progenitor cells could be one of the sources for the treatment of diabetes. Islet neogenesis, the budding of new islets from pancreatic stem/progenitor cells located in or near pancreatic ducts, has long been assumed to be an active process in the postnatal pancreas. Several in vitro studies have shown that insulin-producing cells can be generated from adult pancreatic ductal tissues. Acinar cells may also be a potential source for differentiation into insulin-producing cells. This review describes recent progress on pancreatic stem/progenitor cell research for the treatment of diabetes.
1型糖尿病患者以及大多数2型糖尿病患者，由于胰腺β细胞胰岛素分泌缺乏或减少，伴有血糖升高。胰腺手术切除也可能因剩余胰腺的大小而导致胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。胰岛素治疗极大地改善了糖尿病患者的生活质量，但这种方法并不精确，且需要终身治疗，只能缓解症状。过去几十年中，全胰腺移植和分离胰岛移植取得的成功表明，补充不足的β细胞可以治愈糖尿病。这些观察结果是原理性证明，激发了人们对通过细胞移植和使用干细胞治疗糖尿病的兴趣。胰腺干/祖细胞可能是治疗糖尿病的来源之一。胰岛新生，即位于胰腺导管内或附近的胰腺干/祖细胞产生新胰岛的过程，长期以来一直被认为是出生后胰腺中的一个活跃过程。多项体外研究表明，成体胰腺导管组织可以生成胰岛素分泌细胞。腺泡细胞也可能是分化为胰岛素分泌细胞的潜在来源。本文综述了胰腺干/祖细胞治疗糖尿病研究的最新进展。
