Research Institute for Labour Economics and Labour Law, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011 May;249(5):753-7. doi: 10.1007/s00417-010-1555-y. Epub 2010 Nov 10.
Visible strabismus has been shown to have adverse psychosocial consequences. It remains controversial if esotropia or exotropia is perceived more negatively. The aim of this study was to determine if esotropia or exotropia and the eye (side) in which strabismus is present are perceived differently. We also asked our adult participants: (1) if they thought visible strabismus should be corrected by surgery, (2) if they thought that strabismus surgery should only be to improve the cosmesis, and (3) if they thought that the surgery should be paid for by health insurance.
One hundred adults and 61 children rated four photographs of a digitally altered picture of a boy and four of a girl, showing a large-angle esotropia or exotropia either in the left or on the right eye. The adults were additionally asked if a squint should be operated, if they considered strabismus surgery to be a cosmetic procedure, if in their opinion strabismus surgery should be covered by compulsory health insurance, and if children with strabismus are disadvantaged. Comparisons were performed using ANOVA and regression analysis.
Adults perceived a squinting right eye as more disturbing than a squinting left eye p < 0.001). The direction of strabismus, the age, gender, and the number of persons with a squint among family and friends of the respondents did not influence the perception of strabismus by adults (p > 0.1 for each). Children also found that a squinting right eye is more disturbing (p < 0.001) than a left one. Additionally, children ranked esotropia worse than exotropia (p < 0.001). Neither age nor gender had an impact on the perception of strabismus by children. Of the adults, 94% would recommend surgery for all forms of strabismus, 18% thought that surgery is only cosmetic, and 94% found that health insurance should cover strabismus surgery for everybody. Problems of squinting children named by the adults included: being made fun of by other children (53%), problems with eyesight (39%), people looking strangely at them (21%), less acceptance by peers (17%), less self confidence (6%), problems judging distances (4%), and that they are perceived as less intelligent (3%).
Adults and children rated a squinting right eye as worse compared to a left one. Children perceived esotropia as more disturbing than exotropia. Neither age, nor gender, nor the fact that the respondents have friends or family members with a squint, had an impact on this ranking. Almost all adults would correct all forms of strabismus, and think that surgery should be covered by compulsory health insurance.
已证实斜视会产生不良的社会心理后果。内斜视或外斜视是否被感知为更负面，这仍然存在争议。本研究的目的是确定内斜视或外斜视以及斜视所在的眼睛（侧）是否被不同地感知。我们还询问了我们的成年参与者：（1）他们是否认为可见斜视应该通过手术矫正，（2）他们是否认为斜视手术仅应改善美容效果，以及（3）他们是否认为手术应由健康保险支付。
100 名成年人和 61 名儿童对男孩的数字化修改图片的四张照片和女孩的四张照片进行了评分，这些照片显示出较大角度的内斜视或外斜视，分别位于左眼或右眼。成年人还被问到斜视是否应该手术，他们是否认为斜视手术是一种美容手术，如果他们认为斜视手术应该由强制性健康保险支付，如果斜视儿童处于不利地位。使用 ANOVA 和回归分析进行比较。
成年人认为斜视的右眼比斜视的左眼更令人不安（p <0.001）。斜视的方向、年龄、性别以及受访者的家庭成员和朋友中斜视的人数并没有影响成年人对斜视的感知（每个因素的 p >0.1）。儿童也发现斜视的右眼比左眼更令人不安（p <0.001）。此外，儿童认为内斜视比外斜视更严重（p <0.001）。年龄和性别都没有对儿童斜视的感知产生影响。在成年人中，94%的人会推荐所有类型的斜视手术，18%的人认为手术只是美容性的，94%的人认为健康保险应该为每个人支付斜视手术费用。成年人提到的斜视儿童的问题包括：被其他孩子嘲笑（53%）、视力问题（39%）、别人奇怪地看着他们（21%）、同伴接纳度较低（17%）、自信心较低（6%）、距离判断问题（4%）和被认为智力较低（3%）。
成年人和儿童都认为斜视的右眼比左眼更差。儿童认为内斜视比外斜视更令人不安。年龄、性别、以及受访者是否有朋友或家人斜视，都没有对这种排名产生影响。几乎所有的成年人都会矫正所有类型的斜视，并认为手术应由强制性健康保险支付。
