Brookhaven National Laboratory and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Nov 15;44(22):8750-7. doi: 10.1021/es100401y. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
Amorphous- and nanocrystalline-silicon thin-film photovoltaic modules are made in high-throughput manufacturing lines that necessitate quickly cleaning the reactor. Using NF₃, a potent greenhouse gas, as the cleaning agent triggered concerns as recent reports reveal that the atmospheric concentrations of this gas have increased significantly. We quantified the life-cycle emissions of NF₃ in photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing, on the basis of actual measurements at the facilities of a major producer of NF₃ and of a manufacturer of PV end-use equipment. From these, we defined the best practices and technologies that are the most likely to keep worldwide atmospheric concentrations of NF₃ at very low radiative forcing levels. For the average U.S. insolation and electricity-grid conditions, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from manufacturing and using NF₃ in current PV a-Si and tandem a-Si/nc-Si facilities add 2 and 7 g CO₂(eq)/kWh, which can be displaced within the first 1-4 months of the PV system life.
非晶硅和纳米晶硅薄膜光伏组件是在高通量制造线上制造的，这就需要快速清洁反应堆。使用 NF₃ 作为清洁剂，这种强效温室气体引起了人们的关注，因为最近的报告显示，这种气体在大气中的浓度已经显著增加。我们根据 NF₃ 主要生产商和光伏终端设备制造商设施的实际测量结果，量化了光伏 (PV) 制造过程中 NF₃ 的生命周期排放。在此基础上，我们确定了最有可能将全球大气中 NF₃ 的浓度保持在极低辐射强迫水平的最佳实践和技术。对于美国平均日照和电网条件，在当前的非晶硅和串联非晶硅/纳米晶硅设施中制造和使用 NF₃ 的温室气体 (GHG) 排放量分别为 2 和 7 g CO₂(eq)/kWh，这可以在光伏系统寿命的头 1-4 个月内被取代。
