Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Dec;24(12):3326-33. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e725e4.
This investigation was conducted to determine the effect of 2 different warm-up treatments over time on driver clubhead speed, distance, accuracy, and consistent ball contact in young male competitive golfers. Two supervised warm-up treatments, an active dynamic warm-up with golf clubs (AD) and a 20-minute total body passive static stretching routine plus an identical AD warm-up (PSS), were applied before each performance testing session using a counterbalanced design on nonconsecutive days. Immediately after the AD treatment, subjects were instructed to hit 3 full swing golf shots with their driver with 1-minute rest between trials. Immediately after the PSS treatment, subjects were instructed to hit 3 full-swing golf shots with their driver at t0 and thereafter at t15, t30, t45, and t60 minutes with 1-minute rest between swing trials to determine any latent effects of PSS on golf driver performance measures. Results of paired t-tests revealed significant (p < 0.05) decreases in clubhead speed at t0 (-4.92%), t15 (-2.59%), and t30 (-2.19%) but not at t45 (-0.95) or t60 (-0.99). Significant differences were also observed in distance at t0 (-7.26%), t15 (-5.19%), t30 (-5.47%), t45 (-3.30%), and t60 (-3.53%). Accuracy was significantly impaired at t0 (61.99%), t15 (58.78%), t30 (59.46%), and t45 (61.32%) but not at t60 (36.82%). Finally, consistent ball contact was significantly reduced at t0 (-31.29%), t15 (-31.29%), t30 (-23.56%), t45 (-27.49%), and t60 (-15.70%). Plausible explanations for observed performance decrements include a more compliant muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and an altered neurological state because of the PSS treatment. Further, the findings of this study provide evidence supporting the theory that the mechanical properties of the MTU may recover at a faster rate than any associated neurological changes. The results of this inquiry strongly suggest that a total-body passive static stretching routine should be avoided before practice or competition in favor of a gradual AD. Athletes with poor mechanics because of lack of flexibility should perform these exercises after a conditioning session, practice, or competition.
本研究旨在探究两种不同的热身处理方式对年轻男性竞技高尔夫球手的挥杆速度、距离、准确性和稳定触球的影响。在非连续日，采用平衡设计，分别用两种监督热身处理方式，即带高尔夫球杆的主动动态热身（AD）和 20 分钟全身被动静态拉伸常规加相同的 AD 热身（PSS），在每次表现测试前进行。AD 处理后，立即指示受试者用球杆打 3 次全挥杆高尔夫球，每次试验之间休息 1 分钟。PSS 处理后，立即指示受试者在 t0 打 3 次全挥杆高尔夫球，然后在 t15、t30、t45 和 t60 分钟时打 3 次全挥杆高尔夫球，每次试验之间休息 1 分钟，以确定 PSS 对高尔夫球手表现的任何潜在影响。配对 t 检验的结果显示，在 t0（-4.92%）、t15（-2.59%）和 t30（-2.19%）时，杆头速度明显下降（p<0.05），但在 t45（-0.95%）和 t60（-0.99%）时则没有。在 t0（-7.26%）、t15（-5.19%）、t30（-5.47%）、t45（-3.30%）和 t60（-3.53%）时，距离也有显著差异。在 t0（61.99%）、t15（58.78%）、t30（59.46%）和 t45（61.32%）时，准确性明显受损，但在 t60（36.82%）时则没有。最后，在 t0（-31.29%）、t15（-31.29%）、t30（-23.56%）、t45（-27.49%）和 t60（-15.70%）时，稳定触球明显减少。观察到的表现下降的合理解释可能是肌肉肌腱单位（MTU）的顺应性增加和由于 PSS 处理而导致的神经状态改变。此外，本研究的结果提供了支持以下理论的证据，即 MTU 的机械性能可能比任何相关的神经变化恢复得更快。本研究的结果强烈表明，在练习或比赛前，应避免全身被动静态拉伸，而采用逐渐增加的 AD。由于缺乏灵活性而机械技术较差的运动员应在体能训练、练习或比赛后进行这些练习。
