Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street L-1004, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Dysphagia. 2011 Dec;26(4):345-51. doi: 10.1007/s00455-010-9315-z. Epub 2010 Nov 11.
Superior and anterior hyoid movements are important events in pharyngeal deglutition. This cross-sectional study uses a cadaver model to document the structural properties of the muscles underlying these movements in an effort to understand how their morphology influences function. Measurements to determine physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) of swallowing muscles were taken from hemisected head and neck formalin-fixed cadaver specimens (n = 13). Coordinates of muscle attachment sites and PCSAs were used to calculate î and ĵ unit force vectors, where î and ĵ represent anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions, respectively. The suprahyoid muscle subsamples were grouped for analysis as follows: digastric (DG), geniohyoid (GH), mylohyoid (MH), and stylohyoid (SH). The ANOVA with Tukey HSD post hoc analysis of unit force vectors showed the following results: GH (-0.44 ± 0.15 cm(2)) >MH (-0.02 ± 0.21 cm(2)), DG (-0.05 ± 0.11 cm(2)), SH (0.14 ± 0.04 cm(2)), with negative values representing the anterior direction (p < 0.01); and MH (0.91 ± 0.28 cm(2)) >DG (0.29 ± 0.14 cm(2)), SH (0.22 ± 0.08 cm(2)), GH (12 ± 0.08 cm(2)), with positive values representing the superior direction (p < 0.01). The morphology of the suprahyoid muscles suggests that based on structural properties, the geniohyoid has the most potential to displace the hyoid in the anterior direction and the mylohyoid has the most potential to displace the hyoid in the superior direction. These data in complement with physiological findings may provide greater insight into these movements for those developing novel treatments for dysphagia.
舌骨上、前运动是咽吞咽的重要事件。本横断面研究使用尸体模型记录了这些运动所涉及的肌肉的结构特性，以了解其形态如何影响功能。对头部和颈部半切福尔马林固定尸体标本（n=13）进行了测量，以确定吞咽肌肉的生理横截面积（PCSAs）。肌肉附着点的坐标和 PCSAs 用于计算î和ĵ单位力向量，其中î和ĵ分别代表前后和上下方向。对舌骨上肌群亚样本进行了如下分组分析：二腹肌（DG）、下颌舌骨肌（GH）、颏舌骨肌（MH）和茎突舌骨肌（SH）。单位力向量的方差分析和 Tukey HSD 事后分析结果显示：GH（-0.44±0.15 cm2）>MH（-0.02±0.21 cm2），DG（-0.05±0.11 cm2），SH（0.14±0.04 cm2），负值表示前向（p<0.01）；MH（0.91±0.28 cm2）>DG（0.29±0.14 cm2），SH（0.22±0.08 cm2），GH（12±0.08 cm2），正值表示上向（p<0.01）。舌骨上肌群的形态表明，根据结构特性，下颌舌骨肌最有可能使舌骨向前移位，颏舌骨肌最有可能使舌骨向上移位。这些数据与生理学发现相结合，可能为开发新的吞咽障碍治疗方法提供对这些运动的更深入了解。
