Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2010 Dec;239(12):3467-80. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22485.
FoxD4L1/D5 is a forkhead transcription factor that functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. FoxD4L1/D5 acts upstream of several other neural transcription factors to maintain neural fate, regulate neural plate patterning, and delay the expression of neural differentiation factors. To identify a more complete list of downstream genes that participate in these earliest steps of neural ectodermal development, we carried out a microarray analysis comparing gene expression in control animal cap ectodermal explants (ACs), which will form epidermis, to that in FoxD4L1/D5-expressing ACs. Forty-four genes were tested for validation by RT-PCR of ACs and/or in situ hybridization assays in embryos; 86% of those genes up-regulated and 100% of those genes down-regulated in the microarray were altered accordingly in one of these independent assays. Eleven of these 44 genes are of unknown function, and we provide herein their developmental expression patterns to begin to reveal their roles in ectodermal development.
FoxD4L1/D5 是一个 forkhead 转录因子，它既能作为转录激活因子，也能作为转录抑制因子发挥作用。FoxD4L1/D5 位于几个其他神经转录因子的上游，以维持神经命运、调节神经板模式形成，并延迟神经分化因子的表达。为了确定参与神经外胚层发育最早步骤的更多下游基因，我们进行了微阵列分析，比较了控制动物帽外胚层外植体 (AC) 的基因表达，这些外植体将形成表皮，与 FoxD4L1/D5 表达的 AC 相比。通过 AC 的 RT-PCR 和胚胎原位杂交试验对 44 个基因进行了验证；在这些独立试验中的一个试验中，微阵列中上调的 86%的基因和下调的 100%的基因都相应地发生了改变。这 44 个基因中有 11 个功能未知，我们在此提供它们的发育表达模式，以开始揭示它们在外胚层发育中的作用。
