Sweeney R W, Divers T J
Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1990 Mar;6(1):125-31. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30899-9.
Parenteral nutrition has been an important adjunct to therapy of abdominal diseases in calves, with chronic diarrhea and wasting being the most common indication. Parenteral nutrition is administered on a short-term basis to prevent further protein-energy malnutrition in debilitated calves that cannot or will not consume adequate quantities of milk. Parenteral nutrition solutions consist of a protein source (amino acids) and energy sources (glucose and lipid emulsions), supplemented as needed with balanced electrolytes and vitamins. Complications due to PPN are rare, and it is the authors' clinical impression that survivability is enhanced when PPN is employed, although enhanced survivability was not demonstrated in one controlled experimental trial.
胃肠外营养一直是犊牛腹部疾病治疗的重要辅助手段，慢性腹泻和消瘦是最常见的适应症。胃肠外营养用于短期治疗，以防止无法或不愿摄入足够量牛奶的虚弱犊牛进一步出现蛋白质-能量营养不良。胃肠外营养溶液由蛋白质来源（氨基酸）和能量来源（葡萄糖和脂肪乳剂）组成，并根据需要补充平衡的电解质和维生素。外周肠内营养（PPN）引起的并发症很少见，作者的临床印象是，采用PPN可提高犊牛的存活率，尽管在一项对照试验中未证实存活率有所提高。
