Intravenous fluid therapy in calves.

Intravenous fluid therapy is valuable as primary or ancillary therapy for many conditions in calves. The first step in developing an intravenous fluid plan is determination of the volume needed to replace the fluid deficit, estimated on the basis of clinical signs. The parenteral solution to be used is chosen to be similar in electrolyte composition to the fluid lost. Abnormalities of specific electrolytes, acid-base balance, and energy metabolism can be addressed during volume replacement; this requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of the primary clinical abnormality. The fluid delivery system is composed of an administration set and an intravenous catheter. The administration set allows sterile delivery and regulation of the rate of administration. An intravenous catheter is selected, inserted, and maintained to minimize the potential for catheter-related complications.