脑内瘦素的前认知作用及其临床意义。
The procognitive effects of leptin in the brain and their clinical implications.
机构信息
Department of Translational Medicine, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
出版信息
Int J Clin Pract. 2010 Dec;64(13):1808-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02536.x.
BACKGROUND
Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone produced mainly by the adipose tissue. Its most well-known effect is to regulate food intake and energy metabolism within the hypothalamus. More recently, several peripheral and extra-hypothalamic effects have been described, expanding leptin's actions far beyond energy balance.
AIMS
To review the extra-hypothalamic effects of leptin and their possible clinical implications.
METHODS
We did a PubMed search using the terms "leptin" AND "brain" AND "neuron" AND "glial", and selected the most relevant articles.
RESULTS
In extra-hypothalamic sites, leptin has remarkable effects on neurogenesis, axon growth, synaptogenesis, denditric morphology, development of oligodendroglial cells, neuron excitability, neuroprotection and regulation of beta-amyloid levels. Those effects have been shown to improve cognition and mood in animal models of depression and anxiety. In lean humans, leptin levels have been negatively correlated with the development of Alzheimer's disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Leptin has extra-hypothalamic effects that may protect the brain against the development of mood and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Better understanding of those effects may lead to the development of potential leptin-based therapies against such conditions.
背景
瘦素是一种主要由脂肪组织产生的多功能激素。它最著名的作用是在下丘脑调节食物摄入和能量代谢。最近，描述了几种外周和下丘脑外的作用，这使得瘦素的作用远远超出了能量平衡的范围。
目的
综述瘦素的下丘脑外作用及其可能的临床意义。
方法
我们使用术语“瘦素”和“脑”和“神经元”和“神经胶质”在 PubMed 上进行了搜索，并选择了最相关的文章。
结果
在下丘脑外部位，瘦素对神经发生、轴突生长、突触形成、树突形态、少突胶质细胞发育、神经元兴奋性、神经保护和β-淀粉样蛋白水平的调节有显著作用。这些作用已被证明可以改善抑郁和焦虑动物模型的认知和情绪。在瘦人中，瘦素水平与阿尔茨海默病的发展呈负相关。
结论
瘦素有下丘脑外的作用，可以保护大脑免受情绪和神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病）的发展。更好地理解这些作用可能会导致开发针对这些疾病的潜在基于瘦素的治疗方法。
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