Nursing Informatics and Research Clinical Informatics Research and Development, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 2011 Feb;67(2):438-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05501.x. Epub 2010 Nov 15.
This paper is a report of the development and testing of the Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Nurse and Assistant scales.
Patient falls and fall-related injuries are traumatic ordeals for patients, family members and providers, and carry a toll for hospitals. Self-efficacy is an important factor in determining actions persons take and levels of performance they achieve. Performance of individual caregivers is linked to the overall performance of hospitals. Scales to assess nurses and certified nursing assistants' self-efficacy to prevent patients from falling would allow for targeting resources to increase SE, resulting in improved individual performance and ultimately decreased numbers of patient falls.
Four phases of instrument development were carried out to (1) generate individual items from eight focus groups (four each nurse and assistant conducted in October 2007), (2) develop prototype scales, (3) determine content validity during a second series of four nurse and assistant focus groups (January 2008) and (4) conduct item analysis, paired t-tests, Student's t-tests and internal consistency reliability to refine and confirm the scales. Data were collected during February-December, 2008.
The 11-item Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Nurse had an alpha of 0·89 with all items in the range criterion of 0·3-0·7 for item total correlation. The 8-item Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Assistant had an alpha of 0·74 and all items had item total correlations in the 0·3-0·7 range.
The Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Nurse and Self-Efficacy for Preventing Falls Assistant scales demonstrated psychometric adequacy and are recommended to measure bedside staff's self-efficacy beliefs in preventing patient falls.
本文报告了预防跌倒护士和助理量表的开发和测试情况。
患者跌倒和与跌倒相关的伤害对患者、家属和医护人员来说都是创伤性的经历，对医院也造成了损失。自我效能感是决定个体采取行动和达到绩效水平的重要因素。个体护理人员的表现与医院的整体表现有关。评估护士和注册护士助理预防患者跌倒的自我效能感的量表，可以将资源集中用于提高自我效能感，从而提高个人绩效，最终减少患者跌倒的次数。
采用四个阶段的仪器开发方法：（1）从 2007 年 10 月进行的八组焦点小组（每组护士和助理各 4 组）中生成个人项目；（2）开发原型量表；（3）在第二次（2008 年 1 月）进行的另外四组护士和助理焦点小组中确定内容有效性；（4）进行项目分析、配对 t 检验、学生 t 检验和内部一致性可靠性，以完善和确认量表。数据收集于 2008 年 2 月至 12 月进行。
预防跌倒护士的 11 项自我效能感量表的α系数为 0.89，所有项目的项目总分相关性均在 0.3-0.7 的标准范围内。预防跌倒助理的 8 项自我效能感量表的α系数为 0.74，所有项目的项目总分相关性均在 0.3-0.7 的范围内。
预防跌倒护士和预防跌倒助理自我效能感量表具有心理测量学的充分性，建议用于衡量床边工作人员预防患者跌倒的自我效能感信念。
