Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Mar;129(3):290-306. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.10.007. Epub 2010 Nov 10.
Stem cell-based therapeutics have the potential to effectively treat many terminal and debilitating human diseases, but the mechanisms by which their growth and differentiation are regulated are incompletely defined. Recent data from multiple systems suggest major roles for G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways in regulating stem cell function in vivo and in vitro. The goal of this review is to illustrate common ground between the growing field of stem cell therapeutics and the long-established field of G protein coupled receptor signaling. Herein, we briefly introduce basic stem cell biology and discuss how several conserved pathways regulate pluripotency and differentiation in mouse and human stem cells. We further discuss general mechanisms by which GPCR signaling may impact these pluripotency and differentiation pathways, and summarize specific examples of receptors from each of the major GPCR subfamilies that have been shown to regulate stem cell function. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic implications of GPCR regulation of stem cell function.
基于干细胞的治疗方法具有有效治疗许多晚期和使人衰弱的人类疾病的潜力，但它们的生长和分化受何种机制调节还不完全清楚。来自多个系统的最新数据表明，G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 途径在调节体内和体外干细胞功能方面发挥着重要作用。本综述的目的是说明干细胞治疗这一日益发展的领域与 G 蛋白偶联受体信号转导这一成熟领域之间的共同基础。本文简要介绍了基础干细胞生物学，并讨论了几种保守途径如何调节小鼠和人类干细胞的多能性和分化。我们进一步讨论了 GPCR 信号转导可能影响这些多能性和分化途径的一般机制，并总结了已证明能调节干细胞功能的每个主要 GPCR 亚家族的受体的具体实例。最后，我们讨论了 GPCR 调节干细胞功能的可能治疗意义。
