Polytechnical University of Pachuca, Carr. Pachuca - Cd. Sahagún Km. 20, 42111 Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Mar;95 Suppl:S256-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.045. Epub 2010 Nov 13.
The State of Hidalgo (Mexico) has a large area of forests known as the Huasteca Hidalguense, with a large variety of microorganisms inhabiting it. They represent an important resource from the ecological and technological point of view because they can be used in a broad variety of industrial processes. Due to the climatic conditions of this region, fungi inhabiting it must be thermophile or, at least, thermotolerant, as temperatures can be higher than 45°C in the summer, declining to 20°C in the winter. Use of ligninolytic fungi relies on their capacity to produce enzymes of industrial interest, a topic that has been under continuous research by academic and industrial investigators. Among the most important enzymes are proteases that are widely used due to their biotechnological applications with a high economic impact. Other enzymes, laccases, peroxidases, and lipases are of interest for the industries of the state of Hidalgo, especially in the textile industry, specifically in effluent processing. Fungi (n=156) were collected in the Huasteca Hidalguense, of which 100 were isolated in potato-dextrose-agar covered plates and maintained in tilted tubes. Afterwards, enzymatic activity (laccase, protease and lipase) was determined in the plates. The purpose was to select those fungi with the highest potential for biotechnological applications. Fungi generally grew at either 30°C or 37°C, and for some isolates enzymatic activities were detected at this higher temperature. Results are presented as the relation between enzymatic activity and growth rate: 60 fungi presented laccase activity, 49 had lipase activity, and none had protease activity. In most cases, enzymatic activity was higher than the growth rate, indicating that the isolated fungi have a great biotechnological potential. Statistical analysis revealed that isolates 31 (Trametes) and 8.1 (unidentified) have a larger potential to be studied as laccase-producing fungi. On the other hand, isolates 144.2 (Fomes), 154 (Trametes), and 147.2 (Pycnoporus) are of interest as lipase activity producers, an activity scarcely studied in this type of microorganisms.
墨西哥伊达尔戈州拥有一片被称为“Huasteca Hidalguense”的大型森林，这里栖息着大量的微生物。从生态和技术角度来看，它们是一种重要的资源，因为它们可以在广泛的工业过程中使用。由于该地区的气候条件，栖息在那里的真菌必须是嗜热的，或者至少是耐热的，因为夏季的温度可能会高于 45°C，冬季则会下降到 20°C。木质素降解真菌的使用依赖于它们产生具有工业用途的酶的能力，这是一个学术和工业研究人员一直在持续研究的课题。最重要的酶之一是蛋白酶，由于其在具有高经济影响的生物技术中的应用而被广泛使用。其他酶，如漆酶、过氧化物酶和脂肪酶，对伊达尔戈州的工业，特别是纺织工业，特别是在废水处理中具有重要意义。从 Huasteca Hidalguense 收集了 156 株真菌，其中 100 株在土豆-葡萄糖琼脂覆盖的平板上分离，并在倾斜管中保持。然后，在平板上测定酶活性（漆酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶）。目的是选择那些具有最高生物技术应用潜力的真菌。真菌通常在 30°C 或 37°C 下生长，对于一些分离株，在较高温度下检测到酶活性。结果以酶活性与生长速度的关系表示：60 株真菌具有漆酶活性，49 株真菌具有脂肪酶活性，没有一株真菌具有蛋白酶活性。在大多数情况下，酶活性高于生长速度，这表明分离的真菌具有巨大的生物技术潜力。统计分析表明，分离株 31（Trametes）和 8.1（未鉴定）具有更大的研究潜力，可作为产漆酶真菌。另一方面，分离株 144.2（Fomes）、154（Trametes）和 147.2（Pycnoporus）是产生脂肪酶活性的候选者，这种活性在这类微生物中很少被研究。
