The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Apr 1;114(2-3):159-68. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.001. Epub 2010 Nov 13.
Current cocaine-dependent users show reductions in white matter (WM) integrity, especially in cortical regions associated with cognitive control that have been associated with inhibitory dysfunction. A key question is whether these white matter differences are present following abstinence from drug use. To address this, WM integrity was examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) obtained on 43 cocaine abstinent patients (abstinence duration ranged between five days and 102 weeks) and 43 non-using controls. Additionally, a cross-sectional comparison separated the patients into three groups (short-term, mid-term and long-term) based upon duration of cocaine abstinence. The 43 cocaine abstinent patients showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left anterior callosal fibers, left genu of the corpus callosum, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, right callosal fibers and the superior corona radiata bilaterally when compared against non-using controls. Higher FA in the cocaine abstinent patients was observed in the splenium of the corpus callosum and right superior longitudinal fasciculus. Differences between the cocaine abstinent groups were observed bilaterally in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, right anterior thalamic radiation, right ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, left superior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus bilaterally, right cingulum and the WM of the right precentral gyrus. The results identified WM differences between cocaine abstinent patients and controls as well as distinct differences between abstinent subgroups. The findings suggest that specific white matter differences persist throughout abstinence while other, spatially distinct, differences discriminate as a function of abstinence duration. These differences may, therefore, represent brain changes that mark recovery from addiction.
目前，可卡因依赖者的脑白质（WM）完整性下降，特别是与认知控制相关的皮质区域，这些区域与抑制功能障碍有关。一个关键问题是，在戒断毒品后，这些白质差异是否仍然存在。为了解决这个问题，我们使用弥散张量成像（DTI）检查了 43 名可卡因戒断患者（戒断时间在 5 天到 102 周之间）和 43 名非使用者的 WM 完整性。此外，根据可卡因戒断时间，将患者分为三组（短期、中期和长期）进行横断面比较。与非使用者相比，43 名可卡因戒断患者的左侧前连合纤维、左侧胼胝体膝部、右侧上纵束、右侧连合纤维和双侧上放射冠的分数各向异性（FA）值较低。在可卡因戒断患者中，胼胝体体部和右侧上纵束的 FA 值较高。在左右侧，戒断组之间存在差异的纤维束包括下纵束、右侧丘脑前辐射、右侧丘脑腹后外侧核、左侧上放射冠、双侧上纵束、右侧扣带束和右侧中央前回白质。这些结果表明，可卡因戒断患者和对照组之间存在 WM 差异，以及不同的戒断亚组之间存在明显的差异。研究结果表明，特定的白质差异在戒断期间仍然存在，而其他空间上不同的差异则根据戒断时间而有所不同。因此，这些差异可能代表着标志着从成瘾中恢复的大脑变化。
