Murnane Kevin S, Edinoff Amber N, Cornett Elyse M, Kaye Alan D
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2023 Aug 10;14:99-111. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S362861. eCollection 2023.
Substance use problems impair social functioning, academic achievement, and employability. Psychological, biological, social, and environmental factors can contribute to substance use disorders. In recent years, neuroimaging breakthroughs have helped elucidate the mechanisms of substance misuse and its effects on the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are all examples. Neuroimaging studies suggest substance misuse affects executive function, reward, memory, and stress systems. Recent neuroimaging research attempts have provided clinicians with improved tools to diagnose patients who misuse substances, comprehend the complicated neuroanatomy and neurobiology involved, and devise individually tailored and monitorable treatment regimens for individuals with substance use disorders. This review describes the most recent developments in drug misuse neuroimaging, including the neurobiology of substance use disorders, neuroimaging, and substance use disorders, established neuroimaging techniques, recent developments with established neuroimaging techniques and substance use disorders, and emerging clinical neuroimaging technology.
物质使用问题会损害社会功能、学业成绩和就业能力。心理、生物、社会和环境因素都可能导致物质使用障碍。近年来，神经影像学的突破有助于阐明物质滥用的机制及其对大脑的影响。功能磁共振成像（MRI）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）和磁共振波谱（MRS）都是实例。神经影像学研究表明，物质滥用会影响执行功能、奖赏、记忆和应激系统。最近的神经影像学研究尝试为临床医生提供了更好的工具，用于诊断物质滥用患者、理解其中涉及的复杂神经解剖学和神经生物学，并为患有物质使用障碍的个体制定个性化且可监测的治疗方案。这篇综述描述了药物滥用神经影像学的最新进展，包括物质使用障碍的神经生物学、神经影像学与物质使用障碍、既定的神经影像学技术、既定神经影像学技术与物质使用障碍的最新进展，以及新兴的临床神经影像学技术。
