Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 85/INRA-UMR 6175, CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Centre INRA de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
Biol Reprod. 2011 Mar;84(3):560-71. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.088187. Epub 2010 Nov 10.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an endocrine marker that can help predict superovulatory responses to treatments administered to cows for embryo production. However, the optimal time of the estrous cycle at which a blood test should be performed for a highly reliable prognosis has not yet been established. Moreover, little is known about the regulation of AMH production. To answer these questions, a study was designed to investigate the regulation of AMH production in cows selected for their high or low ovulatory responses to superovulation. At the granulosa cell level, AMH production was inhibited by follicle-stimulating hormone but enhanced by bone morphogenetic proteins. At the follicular level, the expression of AMH within the follicle was dependent on the stage of follicular development. At the ovarian level, the size of the pool of small antral growing follicles determined ovarian AMH production. At the endocrine level, AMH followed a specific dynamic profile during the estrous cycle, which occurred independently of the follicular waves of terminal follicular development. Cows selected for their high or low responses to superovulation did not differ in the regulation of AMH production, but cows with higher responses had higher plasma AMH concentrations throughout the cycle. The optimal period of the estrous cycle at which to measure AMH concentrations with the aim of selecting the best cows for embryo production was found to be at estrus and after Day 12 of the cycle. Based on this multiscale study, we propose a model that integrates the different regulatory levels of AMH production.
抗缪勒管激素（AMH）是一种内分泌标志物，可帮助预测牛胚胎生产中超数排卵反应的治疗效果。然而，尚未确定进行血液检测以获得高度可靠预测的最佳发情周期时间。此外，关于 AMH 产生的调节知之甚少。为了回答这些问题，设计了一项研究来调查选择具有高或低超排卵反应的牛的 AMH 产生的调节。在颗粒细胞水平上，AMH 的产生被促卵泡激素抑制，但被骨形态发生蛋白增强。在卵泡水平上，卵泡内 AMH 的表达取决于卵泡发育阶段。在卵巢水平上，小腔前生长卵泡的池大小决定卵巢 AMH 的产生。在内分泌水平上，AMH 在发情周期中表现出特定的动态特征，这与终末卵泡发育的卵泡波无关。对超数排卵反应高低的选择不影响 AMH 产生的调节，但对超数排卵反应较高的牛在整个周期中具有更高的血浆 AMH 浓度。发现测量 AMH 浓度以选择用于胚胎生产的最佳牛的最佳发情周期阶段是发情期和周期的第 12 天之后。基于这项多尺度研究，我们提出了一个整合 AMH 产生不同调节水平的模型。
