Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1430 Aas, Norway.
Poult Sci. 2010 Dec;89(12):2617-25. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-00743.
Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of intermittent feeding, diet structure, and their interaction on the performance, feeding pattern, and digestive adaptation of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, 40 Cobb broiler chickens were fed, either ad libitum or intermittently, a commercial starter diet diluted with 150 g/kg of ground or whole wheat in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Ad libitum feeding consisted of continuous access to feed in a room with 18 h of light and 6 h of complete darkness, whereas birds on intermittent feeding had restricted access to feed from 7 d of age, with 4 one-hour feeding bouts/d and one 2-h feeding bout/d from d 14. No interaction was found between feed structure and feeding regimen for any of the measurements. Although BW gain was not significantly different among any of the treatments, birds given whole wheat or fed intermittently had significantly better feed efficiency than those given ground wheat and fed ad libitum. Inclusion of whole wheat instead of ground wheat also markedly increased (P < 0.001) the AME(n) value and fecal starch digestibility. In experiment 2, 60 Ross broiler chickens were trained to meal feeding on a wheat-based diet containing a commercial phytase, and 5 birds were killed every 15 min after having access to feed, to collect crop contents. Phytate was gradually degraded in the crop, with a 50% reduction in inositol 6-phosphate after a 100-min retention time. In conclusion, these results indicate that broiler chickens have a remarkable ability to maintain growth rate during intermittent feeding because the crop is used as an intermediate storage organ, and that improvements in feed efficiency may occur, among others through increased efficacy of exogenous enzymes. Even though stimulation of the gizzard through a coarse feed structure improves feed efficiency, it does not appear to affect the ability of the bird to handle intermittent feeding.
进行了两项实验，以研究间歇性喂养、饮食结构及其相互作用对肉鸡生产性能、采食模式和消化适应性的影响。在实验 1 中，将 40 只科宝肉鸡采用 2×2 析因设计，分别进行自由采食或间歇性采食商业型开食料，该开食料用 150 g/kg 的地面或整粒小麦进行稀释。自由采食是指在 18 h 光照和 6 h 完全黑暗的房间中连续采食，而在进行间歇性采食的鸡群中，从 7 日龄开始限制采食，每天有 4 次 1 h 的采食时段和 1 次 2 h 的采食时段。在任何测量指标中，均未发现饲料结构和饲养方案之间存在交互作用。尽管 BW 增重没有在任何处理之间存在显著差异，但与给予地面小麦和自由采食的鸡相比，给予整粒小麦或进行间歇性采食的鸡的饲料效率显著更高。用整粒小麦代替地面小麦也明显提高了（P＜0.001）AME（氮）值和粪便中淀粉消化率。在实验 2 中，60 只罗斯肉鸡在采食含有商业植酸酶的基于小麦的日粮时被训练成采食，采食后每隔 15 min 杀死 5 只鸡，以收集嗉囊内容物。植酸在嗉囊中逐渐降解，在 100 min 保留时间后，肌醇 6-磷酸减少 50%。总之，这些结果表明，肉鸡在间歇性采食时具有显著的维持生长速度的能力，因为嗉囊被用作中间储存器官，并且饲料效率的提高可能是通过增加外源酶的效力等途径实现的。尽管通过粗饲料结构刺激肌胃可以提高饲料效率，但似乎不会影响鸡处理间歇性采食的能力。
