School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, The University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia.
Poult Sci. 2012 Mar;91(3):693-700. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01790.
Two experiments were conducted to test the following hypothesis: exposing broiler chickens to coarse insoluble fiber in the diet will result in enhanced gizzard function and performance, improved adaptability to an intermittent feeding program, and an increase in the occurrence of reverse peristalsis. In experiment 1, 102 Ross 308 broiler chickens were either intermittently or ad libitum fed a basal diet, the basal diet diluted with 15% coarse hulls (consisting of equal weights of hulls from oats and barley), or the basal diet diluted with 15% of the same hulls finely ground in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 17 individually caged birds per treatment. Birds fed ad libitum had access to feed continuously for 18 h/d, whereas those on intermittent feeding had restricted access to feed from 7 d of age. From 18 d of age, the restrictive-feeding program consisted of four 1-h meals and one 2-h meal per day. In experiment 2, 156 broiler chickens in 12 pen cages with wood shaving-lined floors were exposed to 1 of 4 treatment groups with 3 pens/treatment: intermittent or ad libitum feeding of a basal diet and intermittent or ad libitum feeding of a coarse hull diet, as described above. At 31 and 32 d of age, birds in experiment 1 were inoculated with chromium EDTA via the cloaca. There was no interaction between diet and feeding regimen. The addition of hulls increased gizzard weight and content and lowered (P < 0.001) gizzard pH, but it had no effect on the ability of the birds to handle intermittent feeding. Despite the dilution with coarse hulls, weight gain and the gain:feed ratio were not affected, which could partly be explained by an increased (P < 0.001) starch digestibility. Dietary reflux was confirmed by the presence of chromium in all intestinal tract sections. Broilers exhibited reverse peristaltic contractions of sufficient magnitude to propel the marker from the cloaca to the gizzard.
在饮食中添加粗糙的不溶性纤维会增强鸡肫的功能和性能，提高鸡对间歇性喂养计划的适应性，并增加反向蠕动的发生。在实验 1 中，102 只 Ross 308 肉鸡或自由采食基础日粮，或基础日粮与 15%粗壳（由燕麦和大麦壳等重量组成）稀释，或基础日粮与 15%同样的粗壳在 2×3 因子排列中稀释，每个处理有 17 只单独笼养的鸡。自由采食的鸡可以连续 18 小时/天采食饲料，而间歇性采食的鸡从 7 日龄开始限制采食。从 18 日龄开始，限制采食计划包括每天 4 次 1 小时采食和 1 次 2 小时采食。在实验 2 中，156 只肉鸡在 12 个带有木屑衬垫地板的笼中，暴露于 4 个处理组中的 1 个，每组 3 个笼：如上所述，自由采食或限制采食基础日粮和自由采食或限制采食粗壳日粮。在实验 1 中，31 日龄和 32 日龄时，鸡通过泄殖腔接种铬 EDTA。日粮和饲养方案之间没有相互作用。壳的添加增加了肫的重量和内容物，降低了（P<0.001）肫的 pH，但对鸡处理间歇性采食的能力没有影响。尽管用粗壳稀释，但体重增加和增重：饲料比不受影响，这部分可以用淀粉消化率增加（P<0.001）来解释。铬在所有肠道段的存在证实了日粮回流。肉鸡表现出足够大的反向蠕动收缩，将标志物从泄殖腔推进到肫。
