膨化豆粕、膨化菜籽-豌豆、羽毛粉和家禽副产物粉中肉鸡的标准回肠氨基酸消化率。

Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in dry-extruded expelled soybean meal, extruded canola seed-pea, feather meal, and poultry by-product meal for broiler chickens.

机构信息

Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2010 Dec;89(12):2626-33. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-00757.

DOI:10.3382/ps.2010-00757

Abstract

Ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) in dry-extruded expelled soybean meal (DESBM), co-extruded canola seed-pea blend (ECSP, 50:50 wt/wt basis), poultry by-product meal (PBPM), and feather meal (FM) were determined in broiler chicks. For each ingredient, 5 samples each collected on different occasions were evaluated. Birds (n = 180 for each sample) were fed a commercial starter diet from d 1 to 15 of age followed by the test diets from d 15 to 21. Dry-extruded expelled soybean meal, ECSP, PBPM, and FM were included in the test diets at 95.3, 95.3, 38.4, and 28.4%, respectively, as the sole source of AA and balanced for minerals and vitamins. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was included in all diets as a digestibility marker. Each diet (5 per ingredient) was randomly assigned to 6 replicate cages, each with 6 birds. On d 21, birds were killed to collect ileal digesta for determining the apparent ileal AA digestibility on cage basis. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values were calculated using ileal endogenous AA losses previously determined in our laboratory. The apparent ileal digestibility of AA ranged from 78 to 91%, 68 to 83%, 51 to 81%, and 39 to 74% for DESBM, ECSP, PBPM, and FM, respectively. The respective ranges for SID values were 83 to 96%, 72 to 85%, 58 to 86%, and 42 to 78%. Among the indispensable AA, the lowest SID was observed for Thr in all test ingredients, whereas the highest SID was observed for Phe except in ECSP in which Arg had the highest SID. The SID of Lys (CV) were 91% (2.8%), 79% (2.0%), 78% (7.4%), and 60% (10%) for DESBM, ECSP, PBPM, and FM, respectively, whereas the SID of TSAA (CV) were 88% (4.5%), 77% (2.4%), 74% (9.0%), and 55% (18%), respectively. These SID AA data will help nutritionists to formulate broiler diets that more closely match the birds' requirements and minimize nutrient excess.

摘要

采用回肠末端氨基酸消化率作为评定指标，研究了膨化大豆（DESBM）、膨化双低菜籽-豌豆（ECSP）、肉骨粉（PBPM）和羽毛粉（FM）在肉鸡中的营养价值。每种原料分别采集 5 个样本，每个样本均在不同时间采集。1 日龄雏鸡开始饲喂基础饲粮，15 日龄后开始饲喂试验饲粮，至 21 日龄结束。试验饲粮以 DESBM、ECSP、PBPM 和 FM 分别等能（95.3%、95.3%、38.4%和 28.4%）替代基础饲粮中的豆粕，饲粮中的其他养分通过添加合成氨基酸和矿物质、维生素进行平衡。饲粮中添加 0.3%的三氧化二铬作为内源指示剂。每个样本（5 个处理）设 6 个重复，每个重复 6 只鸡。21 日龄时，每个重复随机选取 3 只鸡屠宰，收集回肠食糜，采用全收粪法测定回肠氨基酸表观消化率。采用本实验室前期研究确定的回肠内源氨基酸损失值计算氨基酸真消化率。结果表明，DESBM、ECSP、PBPM 和 FM 中 AA 的表观回肠消化率分别为 78%~~91%、68%~~83%、51%~~81%和 39%~~74%，相应的真回肠消化率分别为 83%~~96%、72%~~85%、58%~~86%和 42%~~78%。在必需氨基酸中，所有试验原料中苏氨酸的真回肠消化率最低，除 ECSP 中精氨酸外，其他原料中苯丙氨酸的真回肠消化率最高。赖氨酸的变异系数（CV）分别为 2.8%、2.0%、7.4%和 10%，真回肠消化率分别为 91%、79%、78%和 60%；总必需氨基酸的 CV 分别为 4.5%、2.4%、9.0%和 18%，真回肠消化率分别为 88%、77%、74%和 55%。本研究可为肉鸡饲粮配制提供氨基酸营养价值参数，以满足肉鸡的氨基酸需要，减少氨基酸的过量添加。