MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
Tob Control. 2011 Mar;20(2):112-8. doi: 10.1136/tc.2010.037028. Epub 2010 Nov 12.
To investigate parental smoking behaviours between England and Scotland after the smoke-free legislation in Scotland came into effect in 2006 and examine inequalities in maternal smoking behaviours between countries.
5954 white mothers and 3757 fathers resident in England and 1522 white mothers and 904 fathers resident in Scotland who participated in the Millennium Cohort Study (a prospective nationally representative cohort study) when the cohort child was age 9 months (before legislation) and 5 years (after legislation in Scotland but not in England). The main outcome measures were smoking at 9 months and 5 years, quitting smoking by 5 years, starting smoking by 5 years.
In England and Scotland approximately 30% of parents reported smoking at 9 months with only a slight decrease in smoking at 5 years. There were no differences between countries in parental smoking after the smoke-free legislation in Scotland came into effect, taking into account prior smoking levels. Light smokers (1-9 cigarettes/day) from Scotland were less likely to quit by 5 years than those from England, but there were no differences between countries among heavy smokers (10+ cigarettes/day). Non-smoking mothers from Scotland (6.2%) were less likely to start smoking by 5 years than mothers from England (7.3%). Mothers from more disadvantaged circumstances in both countries were more likely to report that they smoked or started smoking. In England quitting was also socially patterned, but in Scotland, after the legislation was introduced, the gradients in quitting smoking were flatter across social groups.
Smoking behaviours among parents with young children remained relatively stable, highlighting the need for additional tobacco control efforts to support smoking cessation. However, the smoke-free legislation does not appear to widen health inequalities and may even help reduce them by encouraging quitting across socioeconomic groups.
调查苏格兰 2006 年实施无烟立法后英格兰和苏格兰父母的吸烟行为，并研究两国之间母亲吸烟行为的不平等现象。
2006 年苏格兰实施无烟立法后，参与千禧年队列研究的 5954 名居住在英格兰的白人母亲和 3757 名父亲，以及 1522 名居住在苏格兰的白人母亲和 904 名父亲，该研究为前瞻性全国代表性队列研究，当队列儿童 9 个月（立法前）和 5 岁（苏格兰立法但英格兰未立法后）时参与研究。主要结局指标为 9 个月和 5 岁时的吸烟情况、5 岁时戒烟情况、5 岁时开始吸烟情况。
在英格兰和苏格兰，约有 30%的父母报告在 9 个月时吸烟，而到 5 岁时吸烟量略有下降。考虑到之前的吸烟水平，苏格兰实施无烟立法后，父母的吸烟情况在两国之间没有差异。来自苏格兰的轻度吸烟者（每天 1-9 支香烟）比来自英格兰的轻度吸烟者更不可能在 5 岁时戒烟，但重度吸烟者（每天 10 支以上香烟）之间没有差异。来自苏格兰的不吸烟母亲（6.2%）比来自英格兰的不吸烟母亲（7.3%）更不可能在 5 岁时开始吸烟。两国中处境较为不利的母亲更有可能报告吸烟或开始吸烟。在英格兰，戒烟也存在社会模式，但在苏格兰，立法实施后，戒烟的社会梯度在社会群体中变得更加平坦。
有年幼子女的父母的吸烟行为相对稳定，这突出表明需要采取额外的烟草控制措施来支持戒烟。然而，无烟立法似乎并没有扩大健康不平等，甚至可能通过鼓励社会经济群体戒烟来帮助减少不平等。
