Macaluso P James
Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2011 Sep;7(3):233-47. doi: 10.1007/s12024-010-9204-7. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
Digital photogrammetric methods were employed to assess the level of sexual dimorphism present in permanent maxillary molar cusp areas of black South Africans (130 males, 105 females). Odontometric standards were then developed for diagnosing sex, based on the cusp area data derived for these teeth. Results demonstrated that all cusp area measurements of both the first and second maxillary molars were significantly dimorphic (P < 0.0001) in this group. Univariate and multivariate discriminant function analyses yielded overall sex prediction accuracy rates between 59.6 and 74.5%. Comparable allocation results were also obtained for binary logistic regression analyses, but with larger classification sex biases. The highest classification accuracies were observed for different combinations of just two cusp areas for the first molar. Allocation rates of formulae derived for second molar dimensions were on average 4.3% lower than those obtained for the first molar. Analyses incorporating cusp areas of both maxillary molars did not improve classification accuracies achieved when only using first molar measurements. The classification rates are below the suggested minimum accuracy of 75-80% for reliable forensic application of a method; however, the derived formulae may provide a useful statistical indication as to the sex of fragmentary remains in which complete or even partial tooth crowns are the only materials available for examination. Furthermore, the formulae can be applied not only to adults but also to subadults (above the age of 3 years) in which the more accurate sex discriminating features of the pelvis and skull are yet to develop.
采用数字摄影测量方法评估南非黑人（130名男性，105名女性）上颌恒磨牙牙尖区域的性二态性水平。然后根据这些牙齿的牙尖区域数据制定用于诊断性别的牙测量标准。结果表明，该组中第一和第二上颌磨牙的所有牙尖区域测量值均存在显著的二态性（P < 0.0001）。单变量和多变量判别函数分析得出的总体性别预测准确率在59.6%至74.5%之间。二元逻辑回归分析也获得了类似的分配结果，但存在较大的分类性别偏差。对于第一磨牙，仅两个牙尖区域的不同组合观察到最高的分类准确率。为第二磨牙尺寸推导的公式的分配率平均比第一磨牙低4.3%。纳入两颗上颌磨牙牙尖区域的分析并没有提高仅使用第一磨牙测量值时所达到的分类准确率。对于一种方法的可靠法医应用，这些分类率低于建议的75 - 80%的最低准确率；然而，推导的公式可能为碎片遗骸的性别提供有用的统计指示，其中完整甚至部分牙冠是唯一可用于检查的材料。此外，这些公式不仅可以应用于成年人，也可以应用于亚成年人（3岁以上），在这些亚成年人中，骨盆和头骨更准确的性别区分特征尚未发育。
