Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2011 Sep;30(9):1382-91. doi: 10.1177/0960327110389837. Epub 2010 Nov 16.
Paullinia cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis, commonly known as Guaraná, is a Brazilian plant frequently cited for its antioxidant properties and different pharmacological activities on the central nervous system. The potential beneficial uses of Guaraná in neurodegenerative disorders, such as in Parkinson's disease (PD), the pathogenesis of which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, has not yet been assessed. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to evaluate if an extract of commercial powdered seeds of Guaraná could protect human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. Two concentration of Guaraná dimethylsulfoxide extract (0.312 and 0.625 mg/mL) were added to SH-SY5Y cells treated with 300 nM rotenone for 48 h, and the cytoprotective effects were assessed by means of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and analyzing nuclear integrity with Hoechst33258 stain. Results showed that the addition of Guaraná extract significantly increased the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells treated with rotenone, in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, LDH levels were significantly reduced by addition of 0.312 mg/mL of Guaraná, but unexpectedly, no changes were observed with the higher concentration. Moreover, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were significantly reduced by addition of any of both concentrations of the extract. The results obtained in this work could provide relevant information about the mechanisms underlying the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD and precede in vivo experiments. Further studies are needed to investigate which active constituent is responsible for the cytoprotective effect produced by Paullinia cupana.
马拉巴栗（Paullinia cupana Mart. var. Sorbilis），俗称瓜拉那，是一种巴西植物，因其具有抗氧化特性和对中枢神经系统的不同药理活性而经常被提及。瓜拉那在神经退行性疾病中的潜在有益用途，例如帕金森病（PD），其发病机制与线粒体功能障碍和氧化应激有关，尚未得到评估。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估商业粉末状瓜拉那种子提取物是否可以保护人多巴胺能神经母细胞瘤 SH-SY5Y 细胞系免受鱼藤酮诱导的细胞毒性。将瓜拉那二甲基亚砜提取物（0.312 和 0.625 mg/mL）的两种浓度添加到用 300 nM 鱼藤酮处理 48 h 的 SH-SY5Y 细胞中，并通过 3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物（MTT）测定法、测量乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平以及用 Hoechst33258 染色分析核完整性来评估细胞保护作用。结果表明，瓜拉那提取物的添加以剂量依赖的方式显著增加了用鱼藤酮处理的 SH-SY5Y 细胞的细胞活力。另一方面，添加 0.312 mg/mL 的瓜拉那可显著降低 LDH 水平，但出乎意料的是，较高浓度时则没有变化。此外，添加任何一种提取物浓度均可显著减少染色质浓缩和核碎裂。本工作获得的结果可以为 PD 中多巴胺能神经元变性的潜在机制提供相关信息，并为体内实验提供依据。需要进一步的研究来调查哪种活性成分对 Paullinia cupana 产生的细胞保护作用负责。
