Weerasuriya Ananda, Mizisin Andrew P
Division of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;686:149-73. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-938-3_6.
The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) defines the physiological space within which the axons, Schwann cells, and other associated cells of a peripheral nerve function. The BNB consists of the endoneurial microvessels within the nerve fascicle and the investing perineurium. The restricted permeability of these two barriers protects the endoneurial microenvironment from drastic concentration changes in the vascular and other extracellular spaces. It is postulated that endoneurial homeostatic mechanisms regulate the milieu intérieur of peripheral axons and associated Schwann cells. These mechanisms are discussed in relation to nerve development, Wallerian degeneration and nerve regeneration, and lead neuropathy. Finally, the putative factors responsible for the cellular and molecular control of BNB permeability are discussed. Given the dynamic nature of the regulation of the permeability of the perineurium and endoneurial capillaries, it is suggested that the term blood-nerve interface (BNI) better reflects the functional significance of these structures in the maintenance of homeostasis within the endoneurial microenvironment.
血-神经屏障（BNB）界定了一个生理空间，在这个空间内，外周神经的轴突、施万细胞及其他相关细胞发挥功能。血-神经屏障由神经束内的神经内膜微血管和包绕的神经束膜组成。这两种屏障有限的通透性可保护神经内膜微环境免受血管及其他细胞外空间中剧烈的浓度变化影响。据推测，神经内膜稳态机制可调节外周轴突及相关施万细胞的内环境。本文将结合神经发育、沃勒变性与神经再生以及导致神经病变的因素对这些机制进行讨论。最后，探讨了负责细胞和分子层面控制血-神经屏障通透性的假定因素。鉴于神经束膜和神经内膜毛细血管通透性调节的动态特性，有人提出血-神经界面（BNI）这一术语能更好地反映这些结构在维持神经内膜微环境稳态中的功能意义。
