Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Allergy. 2011 Mar;66(3):317-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02496.x. Epub 2010 Nov 17.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria, formerly also known as chronic idiopathic urticaria and chronic urticaria (CU), is more common than previously thought. At any time, 0.5-1% of the population suffers from the disease (point prevalence). Although all age groups can be affected, the peak incidence is seen between 20 and 40 years of age. The duration of the disease is generally 1-5 years but is likely to be longer in more severe cases, cases with concurrent angioedema, in combination with physical urticaria or with a positive autologous serum skin test (autoreactivity). Chronic spontaneous urticaria has major detrimental effects on quality of life, with sleep deprivation and psychiatric comorbidity being frequent. It also has a large impact on society in terms of direct and indirect health care costs as well as reduced performance at work and in private life. In the majority of patients, an underlying cause cannot be identified making a causal and/or curative treatment difficult. Nonsedating H₁-antihistamines are the mainstay of symptomatic therapy, but treatment with licensed doses relieves symptoms effectively in < 50% of patients. Although guideline-recommended updosing up to fourfold increases symptom control in many patients, a substantial number of patients have only little benefit from H₁ -antihistamines. Consequently, there is a great need for new therapeutic strategies.
慢性自发性荨麻疹，以前也称为慢性特发性荨麻疹和慢性荨麻疹（CU），比以前认为的更为常见。任何时候，人群中有 0.5-1%的人患有这种疾病（时点患病率）。尽管所有年龄段都可能受到影响，但发病高峰在 20 至 40 岁之间。疾病的持续时间通常为 1-5 年，但在更严重的情况下可能更长，伴有血管性水肿、与物理性荨麻疹相结合或自身血清皮肤试验（自身反应性）阳性的情况下也是如此。慢性自发性荨麻疹对生活质量有重大不利影响，常导致睡眠不足和精神共病。它还会对社会造成直接和间接的医疗保健成本方面的影响，以及工作和私人生活中的表现下降。在大多数患者中，无法确定潜在病因，这使得因果治疗和/或治愈治疗变得困难。非镇静 H₁-抗组胺药是对症治疗的主要药物，但用批准剂量治疗可有效缓解症状，但<50%的患者有效。尽管指南推荐的四倍剂量增加可使许多患者的症状控制得到改善，但相当一部分患者从 H₁-抗组胺药中获益甚微。因此，迫切需要新的治疗策略。
