Aznar S, Naylor P J, Silva P, Pérez M, Angulo T, Laguna M, Lara M T, López-Chicharro J
Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Child Care Health Dev. 2011 May;37(3):322-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01175.x. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
The majority of Spanish adults and children do not engage in enough physical activity to be beneficial for health. There is a need for objective and accurate assessment of the proportion of children meeting the physical activity recommendation for health. Assessing patterns of physical activity both between days (during weekdays and weekend days) and within days is of interest to improve our understanding of the variation in Spanish children's physical activity and to provide efficient intervention programmes.
A sample of 221 children: 136 9-year-old children (68 boys and 68 girls) and 85 15-year-old children (36 girls and 49 boys) from 12 urban public schools in Madrid, Spain entered the study. The variables measured were anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, body mass index) and physical activity measured during four consecutive days using the GT1M accelerometer.
Younger children were more active and less sedentary than older ones during week and weekend days. Nine-year-old boys and girls achieved significantly (P < 0.05) more moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and significantly (P < 0.01) less sedentary time than older 15-year-old children. During weekdays more children achieved physical activity recommendations versus weekend days. Physical activity patterns analyses indicated that boys achieved relatively high values of MVPA from 1100 till 1300 h (school break) and from 1800 till 2000 h in comparison with the rest of the day. Girls were substantially different, with the 9-year-old girls having only two obvious peaks of weekday MVPA at lunch (1300) and after school (1900 h) while the adolescent girls had no clear peak of MVPA.
Few children achieved the level of MVPA recommended for health; at particular risk were adolescent girls. More effort needs to be devoted to promoting appropriate opportunities for Spanish girls across the day and to promoting physical activity during weekends for all children.
大多数西班牙成年人和儿童进行的体育活动量不足以对健康有益。需要客观准确地评估达到健康体育活动建议量的儿童比例。评估儿童在不同日期（工作日和周末）以及同一天内的体育活动模式，有助于增进我们对西班牙儿童体育活动变化的理解，并提供有效的干预方案。
来自西班牙马德里12所城市公立学校的221名儿童参与了该研究，其中包括136名9岁儿童（68名男孩和68名女孩）以及85名15岁儿童（36名女孩和49名男孩）。测量的变量包括人体测量特征（身高、体重、体重指数）以及使用GT1M加速度计连续四天测量的体育活动情况。
在工作日和周末，年幼的儿童比年长的儿童更活跃，久坐时间更少。9岁的男孩和女孩进行中度至剧烈体育活动（MVPA）的量显著多于15岁的儿童（P < 0.05），久坐时间显著少于15岁的儿童（P < 0.01）。与周末相比，工作日有更多儿童达到体育活动建议量。体育活动模式分析表明，与一天中的其他时段相比，男孩在11:00至13:00（课间休息）以及18:00至20:00的MVPA值相对较高。女孩的情况则有很大不同，9岁女孩在工作日的MVPA仅有两个明显峰值，分别在午餐时间（13:00）和放学后（19:00），而青春期女孩没有明显的MVPA峰值。
很少有儿童达到健康推荐的MVPA水平；青春期女孩尤其面临风险。需要付出更多努力，为西班牙女孩全天提供适当的活动机会，并促进所有儿童在周末进行体育活动。
