献血者中HIV感染监测的方法学途径。
Methodologic approaches to surveillance of HIV infection among blood donors.
作者信息
Petersen L R, Dodd R, Dondero T J
机构信息
Centers for Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of HIV/AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 1990 Mar-Apr;105(2):153-7.
Blood donors make up the largest group in the United States that is tested for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV) antibody. The blood donor population is ideal for detecting and quantifying uncommon or unrecognized modes of HIV transmission in the general population because persons at known risk for HIV infection are excluded from donating blood. The national HIV surveillance program consists of a centralized computer database of information on all donations at selected American Red Cross blood centers, which together account for about a quarter of the blood supply, and all donations at 20 regional blood centers where seropositive blood donors are interviewed to evaluate their risk factors for HIV infection and to determine their epidemiologic characteristics and motives for donation. Trends in HIV prevalence and incidence within specific demographic subgroups are determined for first-time and repeat donors. Combining the trends with HIV-risk profile data from seropositive donors provides a rate for HIV seropositive donors with no identified risk. Epidemiologic and behavioral data from seropositive donors will help in the development and evaluation of future donor deferral strategies.
献血者是美国接受1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体检测的最大群体。献血人群是检测和量化普通人群中不常见或未被认识的HIV传播方式的理想对象，因为已知有HIV感染风险的人被排除在献血之外。国家HIV监测项目包括一个集中的计算机数据库，该数据库收录了美国红十字会选定的血液中心所有献血的信息（这些中心的献血量约占血液供应总量的四分之一），以及20个地区血液中心所有献血的信息，在这些地区血液中心，对血清反应呈阳性的献血者进行访谈，以评估他们感染HIV的风险因素，并确定他们的流行病学特征和献血动机。针对首次献血者和重复献血者，确定特定人口亚组内HIV流行率和发病率的趋势。将这些趋势与血清反应呈阳性献血者的HIV风险概况数据相结合，可得出无明确风险的HIV血清反应呈阳性献血者的比例。血清反应呈阳性献血者的流行病学和行为数据将有助于制定和评估未来的献血者延期策略。
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