父母对婴儿适宜体型、生长和喂养行为的看法：对预防儿童肥胖的启示。
Parents' beliefs about appropriate infant size, growth and feeding behaviour: implications for the prevention of childhood obesity.
机构信息
School of Nursing, Midwifery and Physiotherapy, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, B Floor, South Block, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2010 Nov 18;10:711. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-711.
BACKGROUND
A number of risk factors are associated with the development of childhood obesity which can be identified during infancy. These include infant feeding practices, parental response to infant temperament and parental perception of infant growth and appetite. Parental beliefs and understanding are crucial determinants of infant feeding behaviour; therefore any intervention would need to take account of their views. This study aimed to explore UK parents' beliefs concerning their infant's size, growth and feeding behaviour and parental receptiveness to early intervention aimed at reducing the risk of childhood obesity.
METHOD
Six focus groups were undertaken in a range of different demographic localities, with parents of infants less than one year of age. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis applied using an interpretative, inductive approach.
RESULTS
38 parents (n=36 female, n=2 male), age range 19-45 years (mean 30.1 years, SD 6.28) participated in the focus groups. 12/38 were overweight (BMI 25-29.99) and 8/38 obese (BMI>30). Five main themes were identified. These were a) parental concern about breast milk, infant contentment and growth; b) the belief that the main cause of infant distress is hunger is widespread and drives inappropriate feeding; c) rationalisation for infants' larger size; d) parental uncertainty about identifying and managing infants at risk of obesity and e) intentions and behaviour in relation to a healthy lifestyle.
CONCLUSIONS
There are a number of barriers to early intervention with parents of infants at risk of developing obesity. Parents are receptive to prevention prior to weaning and need better support with best practice in infant feeding. In particular, this should focus on helping them understand the physiology of breast feeding, how to differentiate between infant distress caused by hunger and other causes and the timing of weaning. Some parents also need guidance about how to recognize and prepare healthy foods and facilitate physical activity for their infants.
背景
许多与儿童肥胖发展相关的风险因素可以在婴儿期识别。这些因素包括婴儿喂养方式、父母对婴儿气质的反应以及父母对婴儿生长和食欲的感知。父母的信念和理解是婴儿喂养行为的关键决定因素；因此，任何干预措施都需要考虑到他们的观点。本研究旨在探讨英国父母对其婴儿体型、生长和喂养行为的看法，以及父母对旨在降低儿童肥胖风险的早期干预措施的接受程度。
方法
在不同人口统计学的不同地点进行了六组焦点小组讨论，参与者为不到一岁的婴儿的父母。焦点小组进行了录音，逐字转录，并使用解释性、归纳方法进行主题分析。
结果
38 名父母（n=36 名女性，n=2 名男性），年龄在 19-45 岁之间（平均 30.1 岁，标准差 6.28），参加了焦点小组讨论。12/38 名父母超重（BMI 25-29.99），8/38 名父母肥胖（BMI>30）。确定了五个主要主题。这些主题包括：a）父母对母乳、婴儿满足感和生长的担忧；b）认为婴儿哭闹的主要原因是饥饿，这一信念广泛存在并导致了不适当的喂养；c）为婴儿较大的体型进行合理化解释；d）父母对识别和管理有肥胖风险的婴儿的不确定性；e）与健康生活方式相关的意图和行为。
结论
有许多障碍会影响对有肥胖风险的婴儿的早期干预。父母愿意在断奶前进行预防，并需要更好地支持婴儿喂养的最佳实践。特别是，这应该侧重于帮助他们了解母乳喂养的生理学、如何区分由饥饿和其他原因引起的婴儿不适以及断奶的时机。一些父母还需要指导如何识别和准备健康食品，并为婴儿提供身体活动。
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