Araneda Jacqueline, Amigo Hugo, Bustos Patricia
Académica Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2010 Mar;60(1):30-5.
During childhood and adolescence, eating habits become established which are instrumental in determining eating behavior later in life. Various authors have described the acculturation of the Mapuche people toward Western culture. The objective of this study was to analyze the eating characteristics of indigenous and non-indigenous adolescent girls in the Araucania Region of Chile. A cross-sectional design was used with a probabilistic sample of 281 adolescents comprised of 139 indigenous and 142 non-indigenous girls attending 168 elementary schools. A modified food frequency questionnaire was applied, designed to obtain information about eating habits and consumption of Mapuche foods. The eating schedules are similar in both ethnic groups, with dinner being the meal that is least consumed. Total snack consumption per week has a mean of 7 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 5 to 10 without any differences between ethnic groups; of these snacks, only 2 were healthy (IQR = 1 to 3). The indigenous girls had a higher probability of consumption of native foods including mote (boiled wheat) (OR = 2.00; IC = 0.93-4.29), muday (fermented cereal alcohol) (OR = 3.45; IC = 1.90-6.27), and yuyo (field mustard) (OR = 4.40; IC = 2.06-9.39). The study's conclusion is that the the eating habits and behavior of indigenous adolescents are similar to those of non-indigenous girls, though the former still consume more indigenous foods.
在儿童期和青少年期，饮食习惯逐渐形成，这些习惯对决定日后的饮食行为起着重要作用。不同的作者描述了马普切人对西方文化的文化适应情况。本研究的目的是分析智利阿劳卡尼亚地区土著和非土著少女的饮食特征。采用横断面设计，从168所小学选取了281名青少年作为概率样本，其中包括139名土著女孩和142名非土著女孩。应用了一份经过修改的食物频率问卷，旨在获取饮食习惯和马普切食物消费情况的信息。两个族群的饮食时间表相似，晚餐是吃得最少的一餐。每周零食总消费量平均为7次，四分位间距（IQR）为5至10次，族群之间没有差异；在这些零食中，只有2种是健康的（IQR = 1至3）。土著女孩食用包括碎粒小麦（煮过的小麦）（OR = 2.00；可信区间 = 0.93 - 4.29）、穆代（发酵谷物酒精）（OR = 3.45；可信区间 = 1.90 - 6.27）和尤约（田芥菜）（OR = 4.40；可信区间 = 2.06 - 9.39）等本土食物的可能性更高。该研究的结论是，土著青少年的饮食习惯和行为与非土著女孩相似，不过前者仍然食用更多的本土食物。
