Amigo Hugo, Lara Macarena, Bustos Patricia, Muñoz Sergio
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Public Health, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
BMC Public Health. 2015 Jan 31;15:51. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1389-y.
In Chile, indigenous and non-indigenous schoolchildren have the same stature when they begin school but indigenous adults are shorter, indicating the importance of analyzing growth during puberty. The aim of this study was to compare the growth of indigenous and non-indigenous girls during the 36 months after menarche in Chile's Araucanía Region.
A concurrent cohort study was conducted to compare growth in the two ethnic groups, which were comprised of 114 indigenous and 126 non-indigenous girls who recently experienced menarche and were randomly selected. Height was measured at menarche and at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months post-menarche. General linear models were used to analyze growth and a generalized estimating equation model was used to compare height at 36 months post-menarche.
At menarche, the Z-score of height/age was less for indigenous than non-indigenous girls (-0.01 vs. -0.61, p < 0.001). Indigenous girls grew at a slower rate than non-indigenous girls (6.5 vs. 7.2 cm, p = 0.02), and height at 36-months post-menarche reached -0.82 vs. -0.35 cm (p <0.001). In an adjusted model at 36 months post-menarche, indigenous girls were 1.6 cm shorter than non-indigenous girls (95% confidence interval: -3.13 to -0.04).
The height of indigenous girls at menarche was lower than that of non-indigenous girls and they subsequently grew less, maintaining the gap between the two groups. At the end of the follow-up period, the indigenous girls were shorter than their non-indigenous peers.
在智利，土著和非土著学童入学时身高相同，但土著成年人身高较矮，这表明分析青春期生长情况的重要性。本研究的目的是比较智利阿劳卡尼亚地区土著和非土著女孩初潮后36个月内的生长情况。
进行了一项同期队列研究，以比较两个种族群体的生长情况，这两个群体由114名土著女孩和126名非土著女孩组成，她们均为近期初潮且随机选取。在初潮时以及初潮后6、12、18、24和36个月测量身高。使用一般线性模型分析生长情况，并使用广义估计方程模型比较初潮后36个月时的身高。
初潮时，土著女孩身高/年龄的Z评分低于非土著女孩（-0.01对-0.61，p<0.001）。土著女孩的生长速度比非土著女孩慢（6.5对7.2厘米，p=0.02），初潮后36个月时的身高为-0.82对-0.35厘米（p<0.001）。在初潮后36个月的调整模型中，土著女孩比非土著女孩矮1.6厘米（95%置信区间：-3.13至-0.04）。
土著女孩初潮时的身高低于非土著女孩，随后生长较少，两组之间的差距持续存在。在随访期结束时，土著女孩比非土著同龄人矮。
