Innlandet Hospital Trust Lillehammer, Division Mental Health Care, Anders Sandvigsgate 17, 2629 Lillehammer, Norway.
Neuropsychology. 2011 Jan;25(1):25-35. doi: 10.1037/a0020855.
The relation between neurocognitive impairments and functional outcome has been documented in both early onset schizophrenia (EOS) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but less is known about the long-term relation between these factors. The present study investigates how neurocognition at baseline is related to measures of functional outcome at 13-year follow-up in subjects with EOS and ADHD.
Subjects with EOS (n = 15), ADHD (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 30) were followed up 13 years after initial assessment. All subjects were between 12 and 18 years of age at baseline and between 24 and 30 at follow-up. They were retested at T2 with the same comprehensive neurocognitive test battery as used at T1, and reassessed with various symptom and behavior ratings and functional outcome measures.
Both groups were characterized by reduced functional outcome at follow-up, although of different magnitude and type, compared with healthy controls. In the EOS group, neurocognitive baseline measures were associated with social functioning at follow-up (η2 between .26 and .41), while for the ADHD group, no significant predictions were found.
Adolescents with EOS and ADHD are characterized by poor functional outcome compared with healthy controls when reassessed as young adults. Executive function, memory and attention were related to social and community functioning in EOS. For ADHD no significant predictions were found although functional outcome was poor. For both groups treatment should focus on training of social skills and activities of daily living to enhance the long-term functional outcome. For EOS cognitive remediation should also be considered.
在早发性精神分裂症（EOS）和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）中，神经认知损伤与功能结果之间的关系已得到证实，但对于这些因素之间的长期关系知之甚少。本研究调查了在 EOS 和 ADHD 患者中，基线时的神经认知与 13 年随访时的功能结果测量之间的关系。
EOS（n=15）、ADHD（n=19）和健康对照组（n=30）的受试者在初次评估后 13 年进行了随访。所有受试者在基线时的年龄在 12 至 18 岁之间，在随访时的年龄在 24 至 30 岁之间。他们在 T2 时使用与 T1 相同的综合神经认知测试套件进行了重新测试，并使用各种症状和行为评估以及功能结果测量进行了重新评估。
与健康对照组相比，两组在随访时的功能结果均较差，尽管程度和类型不同。在 EOS 组中，神经认知基线测量与随访时的社会功能有关（η2 在.26 到.41 之间），而在 ADHD 组中，没有发现显著的预测。
与健康对照组相比，当重新评估为年轻成年人时，患有 EOS 和 ADHD 的青少年的功能结果较差。在 EOS 中，执行功能、记忆和注意力与社会和社区功能有关。对于 ADHD，虽然功能结果较差，但没有发现显著的预测。对于这两组，治疗应侧重于社交技能和日常生活活动的训练，以提高长期的功能结果。对于 EOS，还应考虑认知矫正。
